Theme 5 Dan Molecules

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

One molecule, single most basic unit

Question 2

Dimer

Answer 2

2 monomers chemically bonded together

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

A long chain of monomers chemically bonded together

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

The synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules by a condensation reaction (building larger molecules)

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

Breaking down large molecules. The synthesis of simple molecules from complex molecules by a hydrogen reaction

Question 6

Covalent bonding (electrons)

Answer 6

Shares electrons

Question 7

Ionic bonding (electrons)

Answer 7

Gains or looses electrons

Question 8

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 8

Electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom.

Question 9

Condensation reaction

Answer 9

Joins two molecules together involving the elimination of a molecule of water

Question 10

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 10

Breaks a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of water molecules.

Question 11

Isomeric monosaccharides

Answer 11

Same chemical formula, different structure

Question 12

Glycosidic bond

Answer 12

Bonding carbohydrates

Question 13

How many amino acids are there

Answer 13

20

Question 14

What are the monomers that make up polymers of proteins

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

What is the structure of an amino acid

Answer 15

Central carbon atom to which are attached four chemical groups
Amino group (-NH2)
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
A hydrogen atom (H)
R (side) group (all 20 have a different R)

Question 16

What do proteins form into?

Answer 16

Polypeptides

Question 17

What does the primary structure determine

Answer 17

Its 3D shape

Question 18

Describe the primary structure of protein

Answer 18

Amino acids joined together by peptide bonds assembled by ribosomes

Question 19

Describe the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds cause polypeptides to twist and form either an alpha helix or beta sheets.

Question 20

Describe the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 20

The alpha helixes of the secondary structure can be twisted and folded again and is held together by different bonds (such as ionic bonds and disulphide bridges) and areas that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 21

Describe the quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 21

The structure of proteins which are composed of two or more smaller protein chains such as alpha chains, beta chains, heme group etc

Question 22

What are the two main lipids?
What do they contain?
Are they soluble in water?

Answer 22

Triglycerides and phospholipids
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
No

Question 23

What are the 4 roles of lipids in the body?

Answer 23

Protection
Insulation
Energy
Phospholipids

Question 24

What is triglycerides?
Shape
Group of?
What bond?
What reaction?

Answer 24

A group of 3 fatty acids combined with glycerol formed by an ester bond in a condensation reaction E shaped

Question 25

What are phospholipids? Made of? Shape

Answer 25

One molecule of glycerol, two fatty acid chains and one phosphate molecule. They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 26

Example of globular proteins

Answer 26

Enzymes and hormones

Question 27

What does denaturing proteins mean?

Answer 27

Changing the shape from the original structure and it is not reversable

Question 28

Creating proteins : transcription

Answer 28

A copy is made of the genetic code of the DNA inside the nucleus

Question 29

Creating proteins: translocation

Answer 29

The code is translated from DNA instructions into amino acids sequenced by the ribosome

Question 30

What are 3 functions of proteins in the body

Answer 30

Blood clotting, transport of oxygen, immunity and creating antibodies.

Question 31

Difference between essential and non- essential amino acids

Answer 31

The body creates non-essential amino acids, it needs to digest non essential amino acids.

Question 32

What is the bond for carbohydrates

Answer 32

Glycosidic bond

Question 33

What is the bond for protiens

Answer 33

Peptide bond

Question 34

What is the bond for lipids

Answer 34

Ester bond

Question 35

Describe the lock and key model

Answer 35

Shape of active site does not change when substrate binds

Question 36

Describe the induced fit model

Answer 36

Tertiary structure of the enzyme changes as the substrate approaches so the active site moulds around the substrate. (Not the same shape but the enzyme changes shape to fit in the active site)

Question 37

What are the 3 principles of collision theory

Answer 37

Molecules collide Molecules must collide with enough energy to break and reform bonds Molecules must be in the correct spatial orientation