Theories and Foundations of PMHN Flashcards
A Model for PMH Nursing
- Biologic domain
- Psychological domain
- Social domain
- Spiritual domain
Key Components of PMH Nursing Practice
- Clinical decision making
- Critical pathways
- Recovery as a framework for mental health care
- Trauma informed care
- Collaborative care
Theories
An imaginative grouping of knowledge, ideas, and experience that are presented symbolically and seek to illuminate a given phenomenon
- we are not bound by one theory
- invite you to explore the possible reasons that underpin behaviour
- can help us understand why individuals, or groups, behave in certain ways in some situations
- provide explanation for behaviour and reveal places where we can intervene to create change
- maps to orient us to our care environment and guide our practice
Spectrum of Theories
- Nursing theories
- Spiritual theories
- Biological theories
- Psychological theories
- Social theories
Three Key Points
- A central focus of the nursing theories is to understand the meaning of the behaviours being observed
- Understanding the meaning of the behaviours becomes paramount when you are planning interventions for a patient
- Understanding the meaning of the behaviours occurs in the context of being in relationship with the patient - the therapeutic relationship
Biologic Domain
Consists of the biologic theories related to mental disorders and problems as well as all of the biologic processes related to other health problems. Within this domain, theories and concepts shape interventions that focus on an individual’s physical functioning, such as exercise, relaxation, sleep, and nutrition.
Psychological Domain
contains the theoretical basis of the psychological processes: thoughts, feelings, and behaviours (intrapersonal dynamics) that influence one’s emotions, cognitions, and actions. psychological nursing domain generates theories that are critical to understanding an individuals symptoms and responses to mental disorders.
- Many PMH nursing interventions are based on knowledge generated within this domain.
- Cognitive approaches, behavioural therapies, and client education are all based on the use of theories from this domain
Social Domain
includes theories that account for the influence of social forces (including cultural forces) encompassing the client, family, and community. This knowledge base is generated from social and nursing sciences and delineates the connections within families and communities that affect the health and treatment of people with mental disorders.
Spiritual Domain
Encompasses the bio/psycho/social domains. Spirituality relates to the core of whom we are; one definition of spirituality is “the essence of our being, which permeates our living and infuses our unfolding awareness of who and what we are, our purpose in being, and our inner resources; and shapes or life journey.
- The nurse can help individuals experiencing spiritual distress by supporting their efforts to find meaning in their circumstances
Theory
an imaginative grouping of knowledge, ideas, and experience that are represented symbolically and seek to illuminate a given phenomenon
Transference
the displacement of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours originally associated with significant others from childhood onto a person in a current therapeutic relationship
Countertransference
the direction of all the therapist’s feelings and attitudes towards the patient
Unconditional Positive Regard
nonjudgemental caring, for the client and believed that the therapist’s emotional investment in the client is essential to the therapeutic process.
- Rogers
Unconscious
thoughts and feelings that are outside awareness and are not remembered
Recovery/Tidal Model
Emphasizes the centrality of the lived experience of the person in care and is based on the assumption that people are their life stories and that they generate meaning through such stories. It is focused on helping people to recover their lives after an arrest in development, a breakdown, or a disruption in the flow of life.
- the reclamation of one’s own life story is necessary to recovery. Change (becoming different) is a core element in this model (hence the metaphor of the tide), and the nurse’s role will be shaped by the changing needs of patients across the continuum of care and the provision of interdependent services
- considers domains of self, world, and other
