Theories of behaviour change (Prochaska)

Question 1

✪ Why is Prochaska’s model considered more holistic than other models?

Answer 1

It adapts to clients’ needs and accepts relapse as part of recovery

Question 2

● What is the focus of the termination stage?

Answer 2

The behaviour change is now automatic

Question 3

✪ Why might confirmation bias be a concern with this model?

Answer 3

Practitioners may selectively interpret stage progress to fit the model

Question 4

▲ How does Prochaska’s model individualise treatment?

Answer 4

Interventions are tailored to each stage of change

Question 5

● What is a quote from the contemplation stage?

Answer 5

‘I will change tomorrow’

Question 6

● What kind of support is helpful during the preparation stage?

Answer 6

Access to GP, helplines

Question 7

✪ How does Sutton’s (2001) research challenge the model?

Answer 7

He argued the preparation and contemplation stages are too vague

Question 8

✪ What ethical advantage does Prochaska’s model offer?

Answer 8

It promotes compassion by viewing relapse as normal

Question 9

● What is the focus of the action stage?

Answer 9

Behaviour change is put into practice

Question 10

● What stage follows contemplation?

Answer 10

Preparation

Question 11

▲ Why is the model considered positive?

Answer 11

It avoids an all-or-nothing approach to change

Question 12

▲ Why is the model considered dynamic?

Answer 12

It recognises individual differences in readiness to change

Question 13

✪ How does the model support psychological recovery?

Answer 13

It reduces shame by normalising relapse and allowing recycling through stages

Question 14

▲ Why is preparation stage crucial for success?

Answer 14

It includes planning and choosing treatment options

Question 15

✪ Why might the model increase treatment success?

Answer 15

It provides individualised strategies based on stage readiness

Question 16

▲ What role does acceptance of relapse play in treatment?

Answer 16

It reduces stigma and supports long-term change

Question 17

● What is the final stage of Prochaska’s model?

Answer 17

Termination

Question 18

▲ Why is the model described as flexible?

Answer 18

It allows individuals to move forward and backward between stages

Question 19

▲ Why is the termination stage significant?

Answer 19

Behaviour change becomes permanent

Question 20

✪ What criticism challenges the model’s practical reliability?

Answer 20

Inconsistent stage application may limit generalisability and outcomes

Question 21

● What does the preparation stage involve?

Answer 21

Creating a plan to change behaviour

Question 22

▲ What kind of interventions are helpful in contemplation?

Answer 22

Highlighting pros of changing behaviour

Question 23

● What is a quote from the pre-contemplation stage?

Answer 23

‘Ignorance is bliss’

Question 24

● What is the first stage of Prochaska’s model?

Answer 24

Pre-contemplation

Question 25

✪ How does the cyclical structure benefit long-term recovery?

Answer 25

It encourages persistence even after setbacks

Question 26

▲ What does the preparation stage signify?

Answer 26

A decision to change within the next month

Question 27

✪ What economic benefit is linked to Prochaska’s model?

Answer 27

Targeted interventions reduce NHS costs and societal burden

Question 28

▲ How do individuals behave in the contemplation stage?

Answer 28

They’re ambivalent but beginning to consider change

Question 29

✪ Why are vague stage boundaries a limitation of Prochaska’s model?

Answer 29

Unclear definitions make the model hard to implement and measure

Question 30

✪ How does Taylor et al.’s research challenge the model?

Answer 30

Stage-matched interventions were less successful than non-staged approaches

Question 31

✪ Why is Prochaska’s model important for public health?

Answer 31

It helps structure interventions to address addiction at multiple readiness levels

Question 32

✪ Why might inconsistent stage definitions reduce treatment effectiveness?

Answer 32

They lead to varied application and outcomes in practice

Question 33

▲ How does Prochaska’s model view relapse?

Answer 33

As a normal part of the recovery process

Question 34

● What stage involves weighing pros and cons?

Answer 34

Contemplation

Question 35

● What kind of strategies are used in the maintenance stage?

Answer 35

Avoiding cues and relapse prevention

Question 36

● What is the goal of the maintenance stage?

Answer 36

Preventing relapse

Question 37

▲ How can relapse prevention help in the maintenance stage?

Answer 37

By avoiding cues and using support strategies

Question 38

● How many stages are in Prochaska’s model?

Answer 38

Six

Question 39

▲ How does the model promote self-efficacy?

Answer 39

Through progress across stages and coping strategies

Question 40

● What type of model is Prochaska’s model?

Answer 40

Cyclical

Question 41

✪ What practical benefit does Prochaska’s model provide in clinical settings?

Answer 41

It avoids a one-size-fits-all approach and allows tailored interventions

Question 42

✪ Why might non-stage-based interventions be more effective?

Answer 42

They don’t rely on vague or rigid categories

Question 43

▲ How is the action stage different from preparation?

Answer 43

The person has already started to change behaviour

Question 44

● What is the intervention focus during pre-contemplation?

Answer 44

Help the addict consider the need for change

Question 45

▲ What distinguishes maintenance from action?

Answer 45

Maintenance is sustained change over 6+ months