Theory fallacies

Question 1

Introduction of hypotheses

Answer 1

Substantive hypothesis (theory)

Research hypothesis

Statistical hypothesis

Question 2

Circularity

Answer 2

Circle in link between two variables.
Why do they walk slower? stereotype is activated

How do they know stereotype is activated? They walk slower

Question 3

Straw target

Answer 3

If there was nothing going on this is highly unlikely, so whatever you thought must be right.

Question 4

Equivocation

Answer 4

One-word explanation; ambiguous answer. Eg representativeness which is the underlying in hot-hand and gambler fallacy.

Question 5

The Null ritual

Answer 5

1. Setting up statistical Null hyp. of no mean diff, not specifying predictions
2. Using 5% as alpha and accepting if sign.
3. Always perform this procedure

(2&3 is common practice, 2 false dillema and 1 straw target.)

Question 6

Crud factor

Answer 6

All variables are connected through causal structures. Meaning zero correlation between two variables is never* found.

Question 7

Use of inductive reasoning

Answer 7

You’d need contrasting evidence in order to make such a claim. Probability tree, compaired to other conditional probability

Question 8

Confirmation bias/hypothesis myopia

Answer 8

Like mortality salience example. People buy more bibles after 9/11. However better explained by lack of control