Flashcards in theory test Deck (51)
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1
heat of combustion
another name for burning. it is an example of an exothermic reaction, a reaction that releases energy to the surroundings. this is mostly thermal energy but light energy and sound energy is also released.
2
Toxicity
The condition of producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities. is also how much a substance can damage an animal, plant, cell, organ or other organisms is its toxicity
3
oxidation state
ability to oxidize what takes place by gaining oxygen, losing hydrogen, or losing electrons, and is a chemical property that results in the oxidation number of a substance being changed
4
Conductivity
electrical conductivity is when a material allows current to flow through them easily. in contrast electrical insulators resist current passing through the material
5
resistance
electrical resistivity is a funder mental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current
6
magnetism
is a force that can attract or repel objects that have a magnetic material like iron inside them. in simpler words, it is a property of certain substances which pull closer or repel other objects. magnetic objects are always made out of metal but not all metals are magnetic
7
tensile strength
A measure of how much stress from pulling, or tension, material can withstand before breaking.
8
Compression Strength
to resist pushing or crushing forces
9
shear strength
measures the largest shear force a material can stand before ripping apart
10
torsional strength
to resist twisting forces
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hardness
to be able to resist abrasive wear
12
toughness
Mechanical Property of a material that indicates the ability of the material to handle overloading before it fractures.
13
Elasticity
to be able to flex and bend
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Plasticity
to be able to be permanently changed by external forces
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Ductility
the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire
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durability
the ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.
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Malleability
the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets
18
Reflectivity
when the light from an object is reflected by a surface, it changes direction. it bounces off the surface at the same angle it hits it. smooth shiny such as mirrors and polished metals reflect light well
19
Non-ferrous metal
any metal which is not formed from iron. It is measured in ounces per square foot. Copper and bronze are non-ferrous metals used in casket construction.
20
Ferrous metals
metals containing iron. metals such as stainless steel and mild steel are ferrous metals
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properties of non-ferrous metals
corrosion-resistant,
malleable, ductile,
tough,
good electrical conductor and easily machined
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Properties of ferrous metals
tough,
ductile
,
magnetic,
malleable,
hard and brittle
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what is an alloy
alloys are mixtures of two or more metals that have improved properties and characteristics
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what does the addition of carbon do to ferrous
it improves and enhances its properties
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Name 3 ferrous metals
mild steel, cast iron, and stainless steel
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mild steel properties
magnetic, Tough, ductile, malleable, good tensile strength, poor resistance to corrosion
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cast iron properties
hard, brittle, magnetic
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stainless steel properties
difficult to cut, sometimes magnetic, hard, tough, excellent corrosion resistance
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Mild steel composition
iron
0.1-0.3% carbon
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Cast Iron Composition
iron
2-4% carbon
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stainless steel composition
alloy
10.5% carbon + iron
10.5-18% chromium
8% nickel
8% magnesium
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Use of mild steel
screws
nails
bolts
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use of cast iron
machine parts
vices
manhole covers
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stainless steel uses
cutlery, kitchen sinks, pots, and pans, surgical instruments
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Aluminum properties
malleable, Light, weaker than steel, easy to work with, expensive, non-toxic, good barrier down to 1 mil, non-magnetic, does not rust, salt causes corrosion, no "taste," excellent recycle record.
36
Copper properties
corrosion-resistant
malleable
ductile
tough
easily machined
good electrical conductor
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Brass properties
casts well
harder than copper
easily machined
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Titanium properties
high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance at room and elevated temperature
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silver properties
the highest conductivity of electricity and heat of any metal
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Zinc properties
not corrosion-resistant prevents the steel from rusting
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Aluminum composition
pure metal
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Copper composition
pure metal
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Brass composition
alloy
65% copper
35% zinc
44
what is a thermosetting polymer?
A polymer that consists of polymer chains with cross-links between them so they do not melt when they are heated
45
properties of thermosetting polymers
adhesive, durability, heat/flame resistant, hard, brittle, electrical insulators, high tensile strength
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forms of thermosetting polymers
kettles, plugs, laptop chargers, electrical appliances
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name 3 thermosetting polymers
phenol-formaldehyde, polyimides, polyurethane
48
once formed thermosetting polymers
cannot be altered. this also means that they cannot be recycled or used again for another engineered product
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what are polymers used for
medicines, household goods, and building materials
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what happens when heat is applied to a thermosetting polymer
they do not melt when heat is applied and cannot be reframed by applying heat
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