Thermal Energy Calculations

Question 1

What does Q = mcΔT represent?

Answer 1

Thermal energy transferred (Q) equals mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change.

Question 2

What does specific heat capacity mean?

Answer 2

The amount of heat needed to raise 1g of a substance by 1°C.

Question 3

Which heats faster: land or water? Why?

Answer 3

Land heats faster because it has lower specific heat capacity and does not mix or move like water.

Question 4

What is the formula for energy change during phase changes?

Answer 4

Hf = Q/n (melting/freezing), Hv = Q/n (boiling/condensation), where n = moles.

Question 5

How do phase changes transfer thermal energy?

Answer 5

Evaporation/melting absorb heat (cooling surroundings), condensation/freezing release heat (warming surroundings).

Question 6

Why is water important in moderating Earth’s temperature?

Answer 6

Water’s high specific heat means it resists temperature change, stabilizing climate.