Thermodynamics

Question 1

what system allows both energy and matter to be exachanged with the surroundings

Answer 1

open system

Question 2

what system allows only energy to be exachanged with the surroundings

Answer 2

closed system

Question 3

what system allows neither energy nor matter to be exachanged with the surroundings

Answer 3

isolated system

Question 4

is glucose low entropy or high entropy and why?

Answer 4

low entropy because of the precise way of bonding

Question 5

What is the measure of the spread of energy and matter

Answer 5

Entropy

Question 6

what is the amount of heat in a system

Answer 6

enthalpy

Question 7

is a process spontaneous or non spontaneous if there is an input of energy

Answer 7

non spontaneous

Question 8

is a process spontaneous or non spontaneous if there is no input of energy

Answer 8

spontaneous

Question 9

system takes heat from surroundings

Answer 9

endothermic

Question 10

ΔH positive

Answer 10

endothermic

Question 11

release of heat to surroundings

Answer 11

exothermic

Question 12

ΔH is negative

Answer 12

exothermic

Question 13

do spontaneous processes prefer to tend to be exothermic or endothermic

Answer 13

exothermic

Question 14

is greater entropy spontaneous or non spontaneous

Answer 14

spontaneous

Question 15

free energy of product < free energy of reactant

Answer 15

spontanous and ΔG is negative

Question 16

free energy of product > free energy of reactant

Answer 16

ΔG is positive and non spontaneous

Question 17

free energy of reactant > free energy of product

Answer 17

ΔG is negative and spontaneous

Question 18

free energy of reactant < free energy of product

Answer 18

non spontanous and ΔG is positive

Question 19

spontanous process in terms of free energy

Answer 19

exergonic

Question 20

what type of free energy process is when free energy of reactant > free energy of product? exergonic or endergonic

Answer 20

exergonic ΔG is negative

Question 21

what type of process is when free energy of product > free energy of reactants? exergonic or endergonic

Answer 21

endergonic ΔG

Question 22

what type of free energy process is non spontaneous

Answer 22

endergonic

Question 23

what do you call the amount of energy to start a reaction

Answer 23

activation energy

Question 24

when can an endothermic reaction be exergonic

Answer 24

when ΔS (enthalpy) is too big such as when ice melts

Question 25

what do you call the state when the no. of reactant molecules to product = no. of molecules being converted back to reactants?

Answer 25

equilibrium

Question 26

what happened when there is equilibrium

Answer 26

no more overall change in concentration of products and gradients

Question 27

why is life able to have increasing entropy?

Answer 27

because it is an open system

Question 28

why do we need to constantly eat?

Answer 28

because entropy is constantly increasing which breaks down cellular components

Question 29

what kind of system is earth?

Answer 29

closed

Question 30

what is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 30

a metabolic pathway is a series of individual reactions that make up metabolism that occur one reaction at a time

Question 31

what is a catabolic pathway

Answer 31

a series of chemical reactions to break doen complex molecules into smaller and less complex ones

Question 32

what type of metabolic pathway is cellular respiration

Answer 32

catabolic pathway

Question 33

what is an anabolic pathway

Answer 33

a pathway that converst smaller simple molecules to latger complex ones

Question 34

how many carbons does ATP have?

Answer 34

5 carbons

Question 35

how many phosphate groups does ATP have

Answer 35

3 phosphate groups

Question 36

what is ATP made of?

Answer 36

5 carbon sugar (ribose), 3 phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base

Question 37

how does ATP release energy

Answer 37

ATP releases energy when the terminal phosphate group is broken because there is a greater energy released when ADP and Pi are formed

Question 38

what mind of system are biological systems

Answer 38

open systems

Question 39

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 39

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

Question 40

what is the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 40

the total entropy of the system is always increasing

Question 41

when can the entropy of a system decrease

Answer 41

when the increase of entropy in the surroundings is greater

Question 42

do all cellular reactions have negative free energy change?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

what is a metabolic pathway

Answer 43

a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell