Thermodynamics and Energy balance Flashcards
(70 cards)
Thermic Effect of Food TDEE%
15-30%
Thermic Effect of Feeding TDEE%
10%
Resting Metabolism TDEE%
60-75%
RMR is proportional to lean body mass and decreases approximately _____ kcal\min for each 1% increase in body fatness.
0.01 kcal/min
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
chemical compound that provides energy to drive muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, and the vast majority of chemical reactions that facilitate human life.
TDEE (Total daily energy expenditure)
the estimated calorie needs per day, by age, sex, and physical activity level. The total number of calories a person needs each day varies depending on a number of factors, including the person’s age, sex, height, weight, and level of physical activity, thermic effect of feeding (TEF), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).
The basic energy need of an average human being (TDEE) is approximately ______ calories per day, depending on age, sex, and physical activity, as well as other factors
2000 calories
metabolism
The ability to perform human movement requires a constant supply of energy and the process of generating kinetic energy from sources of potential energy
One Metabolic Equivalent (MET)
3.5 ml O2 / Kg/min
Light intensity activities <MET 3
sleeping, sitting down, slow walking, walking
moderate intensity activities MET 3-6
light effort biking, walking at 3 mph, light calisthenics,
vigorous intensity activities MET >6
jogging, high effort calisthenics, running, jump rope
During normal sleep patterns, metabolic rate __________ by around 15% and reaches a minimum in the morning in a standard circadian pattern, or REM sleep patterns
reduces
Thyroid hormones stimulate metabolism through ______________________ and rates of _____ breakdown
increased oxygen consumption, ATP breakdown
hyroid hormones stimulate both _________ and ________; although, when TH levels are __________ fat loss is __________
lipogenesis, lipolysis, elevated, enhanced
____________________ stimulate almost all aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, including increasing insulin-dependent entry of glucose into cells and glycogenolysis to break down glycogen for energy during exercise and recovery
thyroid hormones
_________________________ creates a condition characterised by increased resting energy expenditure, weight loss, reduced cholesterol levels, increased lipolysis and gluconeogenesis
hyperthyroidism
________________________, is characterised by reduced resting energy expenditure, weight gain, increased cholesterol levels, reduced lipolysis, and reduced gluconeogenesis
hypothyroidism
______________ is produced by the adrenal glands and is released in response to stress.
cortisol
The adrenal glands produce several hormones, including….
adrenaline, aldosterone and cortisol.
Cortisol is within a class of hormones called _________
glucocorticoids
Function of cortisol
works to quickly increase blood glucose levels and works against insulin to try and keep glucose levels elevated by stimulating gluconeogenesis.
Role of testosterone
lays a key role in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.
has a major influence on body-fat composition and muscle mass in men
Testosterone deficiency is associated with an……
increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance
