thermodynamics theory notes Flashcards
conservation of energy states
energy is neither created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one point to another
on a tree, an apple possesess_________
when apple falls________
a) gravitational potential energy
b) the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy
potential energy is…
electrical energy is….
consumed
produced
thermal energy is produced when
a reaction releases energy
what does heat and work have to do with conservation of energy law.
that heat and work are the ways energy i exchanged
what is delta T if heat is absorbed…
T depends on…
positive
q (amount of heat transferred
delta T depends inversely on…
amount of material
ex: small spoon heats up faster than big spoon. heat is greater in small mass
internal energy change
ΔU= Q+W
IF WE DONT HAVE Q, WE USE Q=MCΔT FORMULA
-q and w can either be negative or positive depending if work done on or around surrounding/ if endo or exo
ΔU= UPRODUCTS- UREACTANTS
energy is
state vs path functions
state function
state= properties that depend only on conditions that describe the system
path= properties that depend on how the change occurs
bond breakage
bond formation
requires energy
releases energy
what is internal energy if bonds formed
Δu is negative since bonds formed= releasing energy
constant volume
constant pressure
lid closed, meaning no atmospheric pressure, meaning no work
cup
how can we tell which reaction has the greatest work done by surroundings at constant pressure
constant pressure= work done by gas
so just calculate Δn which is gas product-gas reactant. (whichever is biggest)
diatomic elements
HYDROGEN H, NITROGEN N, FLOURINE F, OXYGEN O, IODINE I, CHLORINE CL, BROMINE BR
STANDARD STATE
SOLID BR AND HG
GAS ALL NOBLE GASSES, F2, CL2, H2, O2, N2
