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Z MD1 Hip and leg anatomy > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

arrangement of flexors and extensors of the lower limb

A

extensors anterior flexors posterior

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2
Q

what is the definition of the gluteal region of the leg

A

extends between the iliac crest above to the gluteal fold below

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3
Q

what is the definition of the thigh of the leg

A

extends between the inguinal ligament and the knee anteriorly, and from the gluteal fold to the knee posteriorly

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4
Q

what is the importance of the gluteal lines of the ilium

A

delineate the attachments/origins of the individual gluteal muscles

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5
Q

what are the landmarks of the ischium

A
  • ischial spine - divides the ishium into a greater sciatic notch above and a lesser notch below - (superiorly) - ischial tuberosity - (inferiorly) - ischial ramus - (projecting forwards) - meets the inferior pubic ramus to complete the obturator foramen
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6
Q

significant aspects of the pubis bone

A
  • body and crest superiorly - inferior and superior pubic rami
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7
Q

what is the angle made between the femur and the hip

A

125 degrees

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8
Q

what structure demarcates the shaft and crest of the femur

A

the trochanteric line (anterior) and the trochanteric crest (posterior)

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9
Q

what is the linear aspera

A

posterior line on the femur that delineates the popliteal surface of the femur

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10
Q

what is the adductor tubercle

A

the distal and medial end of the linear aspera

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11
Q

general actions of muscles of the gluteal region

A
  • extend, rotate and abduct the thigh at the hip joint - also minimise pelvic tilt during the swing phase of locomotion
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12
Q

where do the flexors of the hip joint arise from

A

the posterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

what are the major flexors of the hip joint

A

psoas and iliacus (iliopsoas)

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14
Q

what are the three components of the thigh

A

medial anterior posterior

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15
Q

major action of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

act at the hip joint to produce adduction

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16
Q

major action of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

extend the knee predominantly but also hip flex

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17
Q

major action of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

flex the knee predominantly, but also span the hip joint

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18
Q

what is the fascia lata

A

the encircling layer of fascia surrounding the thigh

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19
Q

what are the borders of the fascia lata

A

extend from the pelvic girdle above and is continuous with the deep fascia of the leg below - invests the thigh like a stocking

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20
Q

function of the fascia lata

A

limits the outward bulging of the thigh muscles - helps with venous return from the legs

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21
Q

what is the iliotibial tract and what are its borders

A

the lateral aspect of the fascia lata that is thickened - extends from the iliac crest above to the proximal tibia below

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22
Q

function of the iliotibial tract

A

it acts like a tendon - is a shared aponeurotic tendon for insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

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23
Q

function of gluteus maximus

A

extends at the hip joint and laterally rotates

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24
Q

function of tensor fascia lata

A

flexes and abducts the hip joint and medially rotates at the hip joint

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25
origin of the gluteus maximus
the back of the sacrum and the adjacent part of the posterior surface of the gluteal surface of the ilium
26
insertion of gluteus maximum
- most inserts into iliotibial tract - some deep fibres insert into gluteal tuberosity
27
where is the gluteal tuberosity
on the posterior aspect of the femur heading down from the trochanteric crest
28
what are the main times that we use our gluteus maximus muscle
when we stand up from sitting, or when bending over, or when walking up stairs
29
what are the deeper muscles of the posterior aspect of the gluteal region of the thigh that lie beneath glueus maximus
- gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - piriformis - obturator internus - quadratus femoris
30
origin and insertion of gluteus medius and minimus
arise from the posterior surface of the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur (anteriorly) - (move from posterior to anterior)
31
main function of gluteus medius and minimus
main abductors of the hip - also medially rotate (these are the muscles that stabilise the pelvis during walking to prevent wobbling)
32
origin and insertion of piriformis muscle
arises from the anterior surface of the sacrum and exits the pelvis through the sciatic notch and inserts in the gluteal region
33
distinguishing feature of obturator internus
has 2 small helper muscles either side (gemeli)
34
origin and insertion of quadratus femoris
extends from the ischial tuberosity on the medial side to the intertrochanteric crest
35
main muscles of the anterior superficial thigh compartment
- iliopsoas - pectineus - sartorius - vastus lateralis - rectus femoris - vastus medialis
36
what muscles make up the "quadriceps"
rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius
37
origin and insertion of iliopsoas
origin on the posterior abdominal wall fibres converge and pass beneath the inguinal ligament and come down as a conjoint tendon into the lesser trocanter
38
main functions of iliopsoas
- flexes the trunk on the thigh - lifts the thigh at the hip - maintains lumbar lordosis
39
functions of pectineus
flexes the hip (like psoas) and adducts the hip (like medial compartment)
40
action of sartorius muscle
action of moving your leg to sit cross legged (flexion and abduction of the hip)
41
which muscles sit above sartorius and which sit below
above: iliopsoas and pectineus below: quadriceps
42
functions of quadriceps
extensor at the knee
43
insertion of quadriceps
- all 4 components insert into the tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon and the patellar tendon - vastus medialis and lateralis also insert independently to the patella forming the medial and lateral patella retinaculum
44
functions of the medial and lateral patella retinaculum
reinforce the knee joint capsule and keep the patella aligned
45
origin of vastus intermedius
arises from and clothes most of the anterior surface of the femur
46
origin of sartorius
the ASIS
47
origin of rectus femorus
2 components: - anterior, inferior iliac spine - just above the acetabulum of the femur
48
function of rectus femoris
flexes the hip and extends the knee
49
what is special about rectus femoris
it is the only component of quadriceps that crosses both joints (hip and knee)
50
origin of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis
arise form the proximal femur
51
what are the muscles of the anterior, deep thigh
vastus intermedius
52
what are the adductor muscles of the hip
gracilis adductor longus, brevis and magnus
53
where are the adductor muscles
gracilis - forms the medial border of the adductor compartment adductor muscles are more lateral
54
attachments of the adductor muscles
extend from the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus down to an insertion into the back of the femur (and down onto the supracondylar ridge onto the adductor tubercle for the adductor magnus)
55
which adductor muscle has the longest insertion
adductor magnus - insertion extends out right out onto the medial supracondylar ridge down to the adductor tubercle
56
action of the posterior compartment of the thigh
extensors of the hip and flexors of the knee
57
origin of the hamstring muscles
ischial tuberosity posteriorly and superiorly - superficial muscles (not SHOB) posterior shaft of the femur - deep muscle - SHOB
58
what are the hamstring muscles
- semitendinosus - medial - semimembranosus - medial - biceps femoris (long and short head) - lateral
59
biceps femoris long and short head - which is superficial, which is deep
long head - superficial short head - deep
60
which 3 hamstring muscles cross the hip to give hip extension
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris long head
61
origin of the short head of biceps femoris
arise from the posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur
62
insertion of biceps femoris
inserts onto the lateral side of the fibula
63
insertion of semimembranosis
top of the medial condyle of the tibia
64
what is the pes anserinus
common insertion of semitendinosis, gracilis (medial compartment) and sartorius (anterior compartment) - into the proximal tibia
65
which muscles contribute to stopping the waddling motion of the pelvis with walking
gluteus medius and minimus

Z MD1 Hip and leg anatomy (8 decks)

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