Thinking and Intelligence

Question 1

What does Cognition mean?

Answer 1

Thinking

Question 2

What are concepts?

Answer 2

group of objects, events, or activities that share common characteristics or attributes

Question 3

What are two types of concepts?

Answer 3

Artificial and Natural

Question 4

What is an artifical concept?

Answer 4

Formed by learning specific rules that define it. Many acquired in school

Question 5

What is a natural concept?

Answer 5

formed through direct/indirect experience

Question 6

What is a Prototype?

Answer 6

the best example or representation of a concept

Question 7

Example of a prototype?

Answer 7

When u think if a dog, the first that comes to mind is a golden retriever

Question 8

What is a Phoneme?

Answer 8

basic sound unit of a given language

Question 9

What is a Morpheme?

Answer 9

smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning

Question 10

what is Syntax?

Answer 10

the way words are organized into sentences

Question 11

What is pragmatics?

Answer 11

the social ‘niceties’ of language, knowing when it is your turn to talk

Question 12

Which is an example of pragmatics in language?

Answer 12

being able to pick up on sarcasm

Question 13

What is a Heuristic?

Answer 13

mental shortcuts used to solve a porblem

Question 14

Why is a heuristic not always the best way to solve a problem?

Answer 14

Heuristics can lead to mental sets

Question 15

What is a mental set?

Answer 15

persistence in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but is no longer working

Question 16

What is functional fixedness?

Answer 16

thinking about objects only in terms of what they were designed for, can’t solve a problem where you need to use an object in a creative way

Question 17

what is Confirmation bias ?

Answer 17

= focusing on/seeking out information that confirms your existing beliefs and ignoring information that discredits your beliefs

Question 18

John is camping and forgot his pillow. He fails to realize that he could fold up one of his extra shirts to use as a pillow. This is an example of _________.

Answer 18

functional fixedness

Question 19

Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence identifies three types of intelligence:

Answer 19

Practical , Creative, and Analytical

Question 20

What is Emotional intelligence ?

Answer 20

the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions

Question 21

How do we measure intellegence?

Answer 21

A person’s Intelligence quotient (IQ). a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence

Question 22

What is Standardization ?

Answer 22

manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent, so data are reliable (scores can be compared to future scores)

Question 23

Critiques of IQ Testing

Answer 23

IQ tests do NOT directly predict success in school and only measures the ability to take tests

Question 24

What is the g factor?

Answer 24

Believed intelligence consisted of one general factor

Question 25

what is Crystalized intelligence?

Answer 25

acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it

Question 26

What is fluid intelligence?

Answer 26

ability to see complex relationships and solve new problems

Question 27

What is the Flynn Effect

Answer 27

the observation that the mean standardized IQ score has risen since 1932.