Learning

Question 1

What is a reflex?

Answer 1

motor/neural reactions to a specific stimulus.

Question 2

what is an Instinct?

Answer 2

– behaviors triggered by a broader range of events (e.g., aging, change of seasons).

Question 3

What is Classical Conditioning?

There are 4 types

Answer 3

When a neutral stimulus becomes associated
with a stimulus that produces a reflexive
behavior.

Question 4

What is an unconditioned Stimulus?

Answer 4

a stimulus that leads to an automatic response

Question 5

what is an unconditioned Response?

Answer 5

an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

What is a Conditioned Stimulus?

Answer 6

a previously neutral stimulus that eventually triggers a conditioned response.

Question 7

What is a Conditioned Response?

Answer 7

The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.

Question 8

_ occurs when similar CSs
elicit the same CR.

Answer 8

Stimulus generalization

Question 9

What is Stimulus generalization?

Answer 9

Stimulus generalization occurs when a person or animal starts responding to one stimulus, then multiple stimuli, in a similar manner

Question 10

_occurs when one exhibits
a particular CR only to certain stimuli, but not to
similar others

Answer 10

Stimulus discrimination

Question 11

Operant Conditioning

Answer 11

a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior ( learning by outcome)

Question 12

What is Reinforcement?

Answer 12

Any event that increases the future
probability a behavior will occur. Can be positive or negative.

Question 13

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 13

Bringing good things to an organism so they behave, money food, etc.

Question 14

giving a child a treat when he or she is polite to a stranger is an example of what?

Answer 14

positive reinforcement

Question 15

What is Negative Reinforcement?

Answer 15

Taking bad things from an organism

Question 16

Getting up from bed to avoid the noisy alarm is an example of what?

Answer 16

Negative Reinforcement

Question 17

what is Punishment?

Answer 17

DECREASES the probability of a response over time

Question 18

What is the difference between punishment and reinforcement?

Answer 18

reinforcement increases the probability of a response while punishment decreases it.

Question 19

What is Positive Punishment?

Answer 19

punishing a response by adding or experiencing an
unpleasantstimulus

Question 20

Example of Positive Punishment?

Answer 20

adding more chores to the list when your child neglects their responsibilities.

Question 21

What is negative Punishment?

Answer 21

Punishing a response by removing a pleasurable
stimulus

Question 22

Example of negative Punishment?

Answer 22

Did not do the chores so cannot go out with friends like planned.

Question 23

what is an interval?

Answer 23

over a period of time

Question 24

What is a ratio?

Answer 24

– Number of Responses

Question 25

Variable ratio (VR)?

Answer 25

Slot machine, varying numbers/outcomes

Question 26

Variable interval (VI)?

Answer 26

– Catching fish- unpredictable

Question 27

Fixed ratio (FR)?

Answer 27

– $20 for making 5
products

Question 28

Fixed Interval (FI)?

Answer 28

– Monthly paycheck

Question 29

What is Latent Learning?

Answer 29

Learning that is hidden until it becomes useful

Question 30

Learning new behavior by watching someone else is what?

Answer 30

Observational Learning