THIRD LESSON

Question 1

QUARTZ FAMILY
- GERMAN “quarz” MEANING

Answer 1

UNCERTAIN ORIGIN

Question 2

IS COMPOSED OF SILICON (Si) AND OXYGEN (O), THE TWO MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS IN THE CRUST OF THE EARTH.

Answer 2

QUARTZ OR SILICA

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

WHEN QUARTZ IS PURE IN COMPOSITION, IT IS ENTIRELY DEVOID OF COLOR AND ALMOST WATER-CLEAN IN ITS LIMPIDITY.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 2

IT IS THIS KIND WHICH, WHEN FIRST TIME DISCOVERED IN ALPS, WAS BELIEVED TO BE A FORM OF FROZEN WATER AND THEREFORE CALLED ________

Answer 2

CRYSTAL

Question 2

TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF QUARTZ

Answer 2

1. MACROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ
2. CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Question 2

example of MACROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Answer 2

 Rock crystal
 Milky quartz
 Brown quartz
 YELLOW QUARTZ
 AMETHYST
 ROSE QUARTZ

Question 3

SIMPLY KNOWN AS QUARTZ

Answer 3

1. MACROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Question 3

VARIETY THAT DEVELOP VISIBLE CRYSTALS OR ARE MADE OF LARGE INTERGROWN CRYSTALS (macro-large)
- EX: Rock, Crystal, Milky Quartz, Yellow Quartz, Amethyst

Answer 3

1. MACROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Question 3

-_________ (krystallos in Greek meaning ice)
- Clear, transparent, colorless

Answer 3

Rock Crystal

Question 4

• The milkiness is due to myriad tiny cavities bubbles filled with CO2 or water
• Vein quartz is often white and frequently contains gold

Answer 4

 Milky quartz

Question 4

This variety called smoky quartz is pale beige, tan, brown, or deep brown in color

Answer 4

 Brown quartz

Question 4

The name is from the old French citrin meaning yellow.
- Ranges in color from pale yellow through yellow-orange to rich golden orange, to very dark orange.

Answer 4

 YELLOW QUARTZ

Question 5

_________ (in Greek atnethystos, meaning not drunken)
- Violet or purple quartz. The lightest color, a pale lilac shade, is known as Rose of France

Answer 5

Amethyst

Question 5

The color of this variety is pink or (rarely) rose-red. This is due to presence of manganese.
- The material is nearly always cloudy or translucent, rarely transparent.

Answer 5

 ROSE QUARTZ

Question 6

• ALSO KNOWN AS MICROCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ.

Answer 6

2. CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Question 7

DENSE AND COMPACT VARIETIES (crypto-hidden)
- EX: Chalcedony, Onyx, Flint and Chert, Bloodstone, Agate, Jasper

Answer 7

2. CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Question 7

example of CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ

Answer 7

CHALCEDONY
ONYX
BLOODSTONE
FLINT AND CHERT
AGATE
JASPER

Question 7

Unstained material often grayish blue, compact of silica.

A purple-colored ______ from Arizona has been marketed under the trade name damsonite.

Answer 7

chalcedony

Question 7

Banded black and white chalcedony.

Answer 7

onyx

Question 8

Banded onyx, with red and white layers.

Answer 8

Sardonyx:

Question 9

Also known as heliotrope, consists of dark green plasma with blood-red and orange spots of iron oxides.

Answer 9

BLOODSTONE

Question 9

Opaque, dull gray, or whitish chalcedony, very compact and hard.

Answer 9

FLINT AND CHERT

Question 10

Usually takes the form of colored layers or/ands, flat or concentric. Also, mossy or dendritic inclusions, sometimes creating the impression of landscapes, vegetation, and so forth.

Answer 10

agate

Question 11

There are different agates such as banded agates, moss agates, scenic agates, lace agates, fire agates, shell agates, and turritella agate.

Answer 11

agate

Question 11

Usually, a mass of tiny silica crystals pigmented by impurities.

Answer 11

Jasper

Question 11

The colors may be very stong, especially shades of brown, yellow, red, and green.______occurs worldwide.

Answer 11

Jasper

Question 11

There are also different jaspers that are

Answer 11

orbicular and scenic

Question 11

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF QUARTZ IN TERMS OF CRYSTAL SYSTEM, HABIT, CLEAVAGE, FRACTURE, COLOR

Answer 11

CRYSTAL SYSTEM: HEXAGONAL HABIT: CRYSTALLINE OR ARMOPHOUS CLEAVAGE: INDISTINCT FRACTURE: CONCHOIDAL COLOR: PURE - COLORLESS, COLORED - INDICATE IMPURITIES

Question 11

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF QUARTZ IN TERMS OF LUSTER, HARDNESS, TENACITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, STREAK, TRANSPARENCY

Answer 11

LUSTER: VITREOUS HARDNESS: 7 TENACITY: BRITTLE SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 2.6 - 2.7 STREAK: WHITE TRANSPARENCY: TRANSPARENT/ SEMI-TRANSPARENT/ OPAQUE

Question 11

PROCESS OF FORMATION OF QUARTZ

Answer 11

Forms when silica-rich magma cools and crystallizes. Develops in pegmatites during and after hot vapor-driven metamorphic processes. Grows in hot, water-rich environments (100°C to 450°C) under high pressure.

Question 11

came from the word “feldspat” meaning a rock that does not contain a core

Answer 11

FELDSPAR

Question 11

meaning a rock that does not contain a core

Answer 11

feldspat

Question 11

is the name of a large group of rock-forming silicate minerals that make up over 50% of Earth's crust. They are found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks in all parts of the world

Answer 11

Feldspar

Question 11

_______ minerals have very similar structures, chemical compositions, and physical properties

Answer 11

Feldspar

Question 11

Common feldspars include

Answer 11

orthoclase(KAlSi3O8), albite (NaAlSi3O8), and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8).

Question 11

FELDSPAR CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS:

Answer 11

- ALKALI FELDSPAR (k + Na) - PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPAR ( Na + Ca)

Question 11

FAMOUS FELDSPAR FAMILY MEMBERS

Answer 11

1. MICROLINE 2. ORTHOCLASE 3. SANIDINE 4. PERTHITE 5. ALBITE 6. MOONSTONE 7. LABRADORITE 8.OLIGOCLASE, ANDESINE, BYTOWNITE, ANORTHITE

Question 11

“small and inclined” because the cleavage is close to but not quite 90 degrees. Its color ranges from colorless, white, pink, yellow, red, gray or green to blue green

Answer 11

1. MICROLINE

Question 11

“break straight” because the cleavages are at 90 degrees. Its color ranges from colorless, white, gray, yellow, reddish, and greenish. Orthoclase can have cats eye effect.

Answer 11

2. ORTHOCLASE

Question 11

“Sanis”, meaning board, in reference to the tabular crystals. Its color ranges from colorless to pinkish or brownish. Sanidine is not a common mineral and is hardly ever seen as a gemstone.

Answer 11

3. SANIDINE

Question 11

is an intergrowth of albite, oligoclase, plus orthoclase or microcline

Answer 11

4. PERTHITE

Question 11

“Albus” meaning white, because the minerals is usually white. Other colors include, yellow, pink, gray, reddish, greenish, and colorless. Albite is sometimes intergrown with emerald.

Answer 11

5. ALBITE

Question 12

is a sodium potassium aluminum silicate of the feldspar group that displays a pearly and opalescent schiller. An alternative name is hecatolite.

Answer 12

6. MOONSTONE

Question 12

a feldspar mineral in the plagioclase series that is often valued as a gemstone and as ornamental material for its red, blue, or green iridescene.

Answer 12

7. LABRADORITE

Question 12

These Feldspars are rarely encountered in gem form. Their occurrence is widespread throughout the world, in a great variety of rock types and environments. But in the most cases transparent crystals are rare.

Answer 12

OLIGOCLASE, ANDESINE, BYTOWNITE, ANORTHITE

Question 12

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORTHOCLASE IN TERMS OF CRYSTAL SYSTEM, HABIT, CLEAVAGE, FRACTURE, COLOR

Answer 12

CRYSTAL SYSTEM: MONOCLINIC HABIT: ------ CLEAVAGE: PERFECT FRACTURE: UNEVEN, CONCHOIDAL COLOR: COLOURLESS, GREENISH, GREYISH YELLOW, WHITE, PINK

Question 12

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORTHOCLASE IN TERMS OF LUSTER, HARDNESS, TENACITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, STREAK, TRANSPARENCY

Answer 12

LUSTER: VITREOUS, PEARLY HARDNESS: 6 TENACITY: BRITTLE SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 2.55 - 2.63 STREAK: WHITE TRANSPARENCY: TRANSLUCENT TO TRANSPARENT

Question 12

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLAGIOCLASE IN TERMS OF CRYSTAL SHAPE, HABIT, CLEAVAGE, FRACTURE, COLOR

Answer 12

CRYSTAL SHAPE: TRICLINIC HABIT: TABULAR (CRYSTALLINE) CLEAVAGE: PERFECT-2DIRECTIONAL FRACTURE: CONCHOIDAL COLOR: WHITE TO DARK GRAY

Question 12

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLAGIOCLASE IN TERMS OF LUSTER, HARDNESS, TENACITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, STREAK, TRANSPARENCY:

Answer 12

LUSTER: VITREOUS USUALLY PEARLY HARDNESS: 6 - 6.5 TENACITY: BRITTLE SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 2.6 - 2.8 STREAK: WHITE TRANSPARENCY: TRANSLUCENT TO TRANSPARENT

Question 12

PROCESS OF FORMATION FELDSPAR

Answer 12

- MANY FELDSPAR ARE IGNEOUS AS THEY COMMONLY PRECIPITATE OUT IN MAGMA AS IT COOLS. - THEY MAY ALSO BE FORMED AS METAMORPHIC MINERALS IN VIENS OF OTHER ROCKS.