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Philosophy > Thomas Aquinas & Scholasticism > Flashcards

Thomas Aquinas & Scholasticism Flashcards

1
Q

what was special about scholasticism

A

takes the insights of others (philosophy, history, science, other religions, etc) and injects into own thought

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2
Q

what was the purpose of scholasticim

A

an attempt of understanding the whole person (cura personalis)

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3
Q

what is the background of scholasticism

A

headquartered at catherdral (aka center of town) which controlled education and commerce, therefore creating a group of student scholars

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4
Q

what is the scholastic method

A

1) logically deductive -> giving arguments
2) dialectical -> insights from other ppl/traditions
3) Disputational -> counterarguments to own arguments (makes it stronger)

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the scholastic method

A

efficiency & teaching others

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6
Q

What is the background of Thomas Aquinas

A
  • joined Dominicans (life of poverty, chastity, obedience, preaching)
  • mentor = Albertus Magnus -> looked @ Aristotle
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7
Q

What is Thomas’ Aquinas’ Natural Theology (chart)

A

SUBJECT METHOD
PHILOSOPHY hum exp hum reas
THEOLOGY god revelation
NAT. THEO. god hum reas

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8
Q

how does one know about God, through natural theology

A

human reason

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9
Q

what is aquinas’ epistemology

A

connection between sensations and intellections

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10
Q

what is sensation made up of and what does it lead to

A

external & internal senses -> phantasm

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11
Q

what are the external senses

A

1) sight
2) hearing
3) smell
4) taste
5) touch

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12
Q

what is essentially an external sense

A

using one of the senses to collect data about that object

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13
Q

what do all the 5 external senses create

A

coordinating sense

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14
Q

what are the 4 internal senses

A

1) coordinating sense
2) imagination
3) memory
4) evaluative sense (animal)//cogitative power (human)

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15
Q

what is coordinating sense

A

uniting all data from senses and putting it into 1 sensible, whole thing

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16
Q

what is imagination

A

“making an impression” on mind

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17
Q

what is memory

A

recall things we sense back to the source

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18
Q

what is evaluative sense/cogitative power

A

analyze/reacting whether something is good or bad, thinking it through, and adapting the thought

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19
Q

what do the 4 internal senses create

A

phantasm

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20
Q

what is a phantasm

A

a sensible whole thing (material)

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21
Q

what does the phantasm act as

A

the bridge between sensation and intellection

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22
Q

what does phantasm lead to

A

intellect-mind

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23
Q

what does intellect-mind lead to

A

active

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24
Q

what is active

A

the mind focusing on the form of something

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25
Q

what does active lead to

A

idea-phantasm minus matter (formal)

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26
Q

what does idea lead to

A

passive - intellect understanding what the thing is “potential”

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27
Q

how does phantasm and idea lead into eachother

A

idea -> using prior knowledge to reach -> phantasm

phantasm -> when sensing something, goes intellect to try to find -> idea

28
Q

what does idea further allow for

A

1) understanding/apprehension
2) judgement
3) reasoning

29
Q

what does understanding/apprehension mean

A

CONCEPTS

knowing what something is

30
Q

what does judgement mean

A 
PROPOSITIONS
uniting ideas (eg. coffee is bitter)
31
Q

what does reasoning mean

A

ARGUMENTS

32
Q

where do the universals lie, according to aquinas

A

1) in things
2) in mind
3) in mind of God

33
Q

why do universals lie in mind of God

A

if universals are permanent, unchanging -> must exist elsewhere in divine mind

34
Q

what are the 2 types of ends for thomas aquinas

A

natural end and supernatural end

35
Q

what is the natural end

A

happiness

36
Q

what is the purpose of the natural end

A

end of human life

37
Q

what is the supernatural end

A

God

38
Q

what is the purpose of the supernatural end

A

beyond life

39
Q

what is the definition of law

A

ordinance of reason, for the common good, made by one in charge, promulgated

40
Q

what is the formal cause in law

A

ordinance of reason

41
Q

what is the final cause of law

A

for the common good

42
Q

what is the efficient cause of law

A

made by one in charge

43
Q

what is the material cause of law

A

promulgated

44
Q

what is the purpose of law

A

having to do with reason in terms of society in order to benefit the community so that they can reach happiness

45
Q

what are the 4 laws

A

1) eternal law
2) natural law
3) human law
4) divine law

46
Q

what is eternal law

A

a governing order in the universe that is eternal, unchanging

47
Q

what is natural law

A

humans participating in eternal law

48
Q

what does the natural law tell us

A

accept your participation and be rational

what can we know about human nature and learn (eg. education)

49
Q

what is the difference between eternal law and natural law

A
  • eternal law applies to all life in that all governing laws (eg. tree grows, acorns fall off of trees)
  • natural law only applies to humans in that it is our purpose and governing law to get education, to live life
50
Q

what is human law

A

laws created by humans

51
Q

why do we need human law

A

in order to apply to particular instances, examples; other two laws are too broad

52
Q

what should human law do though

A

should derive from natural law; no perverision

53
Q

what is perversion

A

when human law doesn’t follow natural law

54
Q

what is divine law

A

rules followed by a faith community

55
Q

what should divine law do

A

be rational, aimed @ a goal

56
Q

what are the five ways

A
  1. motion
  2. causation
  3. possibilty/neccesity
  4. perfection
  5. intelligence
57
Q

how does potency and act explain motion

A

notion can have the same potency and act at the same time

58
Q

what is motion then

A

how things come into existence

59
Q

how does motion explain movers

A

parent = cause
child = effect
both always have act. and potency

60
Q

are there infinite # of movers

A

no bc
INFINITE
every mover before would have both pot and act
FINITE
there’s first mover that only had actuality

61
Q

what is five ways type of argument

A

a posteriori -> grabbing experience to causation

62
Q

how does thomas view language

A

idea -> word -> object

63
Q

what types of words are there

A

univocal, equivocal, analogical

64
Q

what is univocal

A

same word, same meaning

65
Q

what is equivocal

A

same word, dif meaning

66
Q

what is analogical

A

same word, same/dif meaning

Philosophy (13 decks)

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