Plato

Question 1

what question does plato focus on?

Answer 1

how is knowledge acquired?

Question 2

what is the allegory of the cave

Answer 2

• prisoners chained facing wall
• there’s fire in middle, shadows cast on wall
• 1 prisoner unchained bring outside of cave
• first blinded, then starts seeing and understanding things, then finally sees sun
• goes back to cave to tell friends what he saw, prisoners mock him, even think about killing him, so he stays in cage

Question 3

what is the point of the allegory of the cave

Answer 3

to teach the process of education, which is to know content learning; you need

1) motivation from outside source that eventually has you enjoy learning and delivers
2) conversion of the whole person that changes way of thinking

Question 4

what does plato use to explain process of education further

Answer 4

metaphor of the divided line

Question 5

what is the metaphor of the divided line (bigger picture)

Answer 5

forms | intelligence
mathematical objects | thinking
things | belief
images | imagining

Question 6

What is the lowest level of divided line and what does it explain

Answer 6

images->imagining; we see how something appears

Question 7

the second lowest level of divided line, what does it explain

Answer 7

things->belief; when we see real things, don’t have all information, so try to fill in blanks to fully understand/make sense of the subject

Question 8

the second highest level of divided line, what does it explain

Answer 8

mathematical objects->thinking; relate different objects with similar characteristics together for reference; eg. water bottle, pencil case = cylindrical objects PARTICULARS TO UNIVERSALS

Question 9

the highest level of divided line, what does it explain

Answer 9

forms(true knowledge)->intelligence; the essence of what something is in which it exists, FORMS ARENT ON THIS PLANET

Question 10

similarities of lowest levels of divided line

Answer 10

do with VISABLE

Question 11

similarities of highest levels of divided line

Answer 11

intelligible “able to be thought about

Question 12

what is the soul according to plato

Answer 12

a tripartite element that is part of human form

Question 13

what are the three parts of the soul

Answer 13

reason, spirit, appetite

Question 14

what are the three parts of the soul analogous to

Answer 14

a chariot and the 2 horses

Question 15

what is appetite

Answer 15

desire for physical things

Question 16

if appetite controlled soul, what would happen

Answer 16

push elf to do what you want all the time

Question 17

what is the bad horse symbolic of

Answer 17

appetite

Question 18

what is spirit

Answer 18

ACTION/drive towards something

Question 19

if spirit controlled the soul, what would happen

Answer 19

would constantly work toward something without a goal/just reactive

Question 20

what is the good horse symbolic of

Answer 20

spirit

Question 21

what is reason

Answer 21

allows us to be goal-oriented

Question 22

if reason controlled the soul, what would happen

Answer 22

allows spirit and appetite to be in check, guide the two AND have a goal/knowledge AKA forms

Question 23

what is the charioteer symbolic of

Answer 23

reason

Question 24

how does the soul relate to the real world, in plato’s mind

Answer 24

the ideal city

Question 25

to plato what is justice

Answer 25

the harmony of soul

Question 26

what does plato think of the body

Answer 26

it’s just a material that helps facilitate the soul

Question 27

what are the three classes of people in the ideal city

Answer 27

aritisans, guardians/soldiers, and rulers

Question 28

what do artisans represent and how does it relate to that?

Answer 28

Represent: Appetite

• artisans produces that satisfy our appetite
• if artisans controlled, would produce whatever want without any reason
• virue of temperance: medium point of both ends

Question 29

what do guardians/soldiers represent and how does it relate to that?

Answer 29

represent: Spirit
- soldiers defend city
- if soldiers have no one to defend, will attack
- virtue of courage: ability to wisely act

Question 30

what are the 4 virtues of Plato’s city

Answer 30

justice, wisdom, temperance, courage

Question 31

what do rulers represent and how does it relate to that?

Answer 31

represent: Reason
- philosopher kings = learn philosophy, therefore, will know what city needs
- rulers = Philosopher Kings run city
- multiple rulers, 1 person might be ignorant
- virute of wisdom: wisdom to choose; perfecto to reason

Question 32

where did plato think the forms were

Answer 32

not on earth

Question 33

what are forms made up of

Answer 33

participate-things that resmeble og

eg. picture of painting

Question 34

what does plato note about his ideal city

Answer 34

lived experience differs from ideal city, which can break down easilly

Question 35

what does plato hate democracy

Answer 35

everyone’s voice is equally weighed -> believe citizens are ignorant

Question 36

what is virtue according to plato?

Answer 36

-good/part of human BUT affect spirituality