Thoracic And Lumbar MUSCLES

Question 1

What are the attachments of the external obliques?

Answer 1

Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower 8 ribs

Lateral lip of iliac crest
Aponeurosis ending in linea alba

Question 2

What are the actions of the external obliques?

Answer 2

Compress abdominal contents
Trunk flexion
Ipsilateral side flexion
Contralateral rotation

Question 3

What is the nerve supply of the external obliques?

Answer 3

Anterior rami (T7-12)

Question 4

What are the attachments of the internal obliques?

Answer 4

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest between the origins of external oblique and transversus abdominis
Later 2/3 of inguinal ligament

Inferior border of the lower 3/4 ribs
Aponeurosis ending in linea alba
Pubic crest and pectineal line

Question 5

What are the actions of the internal oblique?

Answer 5

Compress abdominal contents
Flexion of the trunk
Ipsilateral side flexion
Ipsilateral rotation

Question 6

What is the nerve supply of the internal oblique?

Answer 6

Anterior rami (T7-12 and L1)

Question 7

What are the attachments of the transverse abdominis?

Answer 7

Thoracolumbar fascia
Medial lip of iliac crest
Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12

Aponeurosis ending in linea alba
Pubic crest and pectineal line

Question 8

What are the actions of the transverse abdominis?

Answer 8

Compress abdominal contents

Question 9

What is the nerve supply of the transverse abdominis?

Answer 9

Anterior rami (T7-12 and L1)

Question 10

What are the attachments of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 10

Pubic crest, tubercle and symphysis

Coastal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Xiphoid process

Question 11

What are the actions of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 11

Compress abdominal contents
Flex vertebral column
Tense abdominal wall

Question 12

What is the nerve supply of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 12

Anterior rami (T7-12)

Question 13

What are the 4 functions of the abdominals?

Answer 13

Trunk movement (functional)
Protection of the abdominal visceral
Spinal stabilisation
Abdominal pressure (forced expiration, defection, vomiting)

Question 14

What are the attachments of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 14

Posterior border of iliac crest
Iliolumbar ligament
Transverse processes L1-5
Inferior border of 12th rib

Question 15

What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 15

Muscle of inspiration
Ipsilateral side flexion
Lumbar extension

Question 16

What is the nerve supply of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 16

Ventral rami (T12-L4)

Question 17

What are the 3 divisions o the erector spinae?

Answer 17

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 18

What are the attachments of the erector spinae?

Answer 18

Lower 6 ribs and rib angles

T11-L5 SPs
Supraspinous ligament
Sacral crests
Posterior part of iliac crest
Iliac tuberosity
Inner lip of iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia

Question 19

What are the actions of the erector spinae?

Answer 19

Bilateral extension and control of flexion
Maintainence of lumbar lordosis
Unilateral Ipsilateral side flexion and rotation

Question 20

What is the nerve supply of the erector spinae?

Answer 20

Dorsal rami of adjacent thoracolumbar nerves

Question 21

What are the attachments of the semispinalis (thoracics)?

Answer 21

Transverse processes of T6-10

Spinous processes of upper 4 thoracic and lower 2 cervical vertebrae

Question 22

What are the attachments of the multifidus?

Answer 22

Sacrum
Origin of erector spinae
PSIS
Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Articular processed of lower 4 cervical vertebrae

Base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5-C2

Question 23

What are the main stability muscles?

Answer 23

Multifidus
Rotatores
Interspinales
Intertransversaraii