Thoracic Pulmonology

Question 1

What are the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 1

superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior lobe

Question 2

What are the two fissures of the right lung?

Answer 2

horizontal fissue
-separates superior and middle lobes

oblique fissue
-separates middle and inferior lobes

Question 3

What are the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 3

• superior lobe

- inferior lobe

Question 4

what is the fissure of the left lung?

Answer 4

-oblique fissure

Question 5

What is the anterior surface of the lungs called?

Answer 5

costal surface

Question 6

What is the posterior surface of the lungs called?

Answer 6

mediastinal surface

Question 7

What is the inferior surface of the lungs called?

Answer 7

diaphragmatic surface

Question 8

What are possible origins of lung cancer?

Answer 8

-lung tissue itself
-can derive from the bronchi
(bronchogenic carcinoma)

Question 9

What nerves might be affected during lung cancer?

Answer 9

phrenic N.
vagus N.
recurrent laryngeal N.

Question 10

What are the possible treatments for lung cancers?

Answer 10

• pneumonectomy (lung removal)
• lobectomy (lobe removal)
• segmentectomy (bronchopulmonary segment removal)

Question 11

What are the four types of lung parietal pleura?

Answer 11

• cervical pleura
• costal pleura
• diaphragmatic pleura
• mediastinal pleura

Question 12

What is the anterior junction between the costal pleura and the mediastinal pleura?

Answer 12

sternal line of pleural reflection

Question 13

What is the posterior junction between the costal pleura and the mediastinal pleura?

Answer 13

vertebral line of pleural reflection

Question 14

What is the junction between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura?

Answer 14

costal line of pleural reflection

Question 15

Definition of lines of pleural reflection?

Answer 15

where one kind of parietal pleura becomes another

Question 16

What are the two pleural recesses?

Answer 16

costomediastinal recess
-anterior border of lung slides into this recess

costodiaphragmatic recess
-inferior border of lung slides into this recess

Question 17

What fills the pleural cavity?

Answer 17

-surfactant

Question 18

When is the pleural cavity a “real” space?

Answer 18

when the lung is collapsed

Question 19

What is the pulmonary cavity?

Answer 19

space that contains the pleura, lungs, etc.

Question 20

Pathology: Pulmonary Collapse

Answer 20

occurs when enough air enters pleural cavity to break surface tension b/w two layers of pleura

lung elasticity causes lung collapse

Question 21

Pathology: Pneumothorax

Answer 21

entry of air into the pleural cavity; leads to pulmonary collapse

-from a penetrating wound or rupture of pulmonary lesion

Question 22

Pathology: Hydrothorax

Answer 22

accumulation of excess fluid other than blood in the pleural cavity

-usually the result of fluid escape or a pulmonary effusion

Question 23

Pathology: Hemothorax

Answer 23

accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

• usually the result of a chest wound (laceration of an intercostal vessel or an internal thoracic vessel)
• not usually due to a laceration of the lung itself

Question 24

What is the order of branching of the respiratory tract?

Answer 24

trachea - main bronchi - lobar bronchi - segmental bronchi - conducting bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveoli

Question 25

True or False: bronchioles have cartilage

Answer 25

False

Question 26

In what part of the thorax is the trachea?

Answer 26

posterior mediastinum

Question 27

True or False: the trachea has cartilage

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the directionality of the right main bronchus?

Answer 28

runs rather vertically

Question 29

What is the directionality of the left main bronchus?

Answer 29

runs inferolaterally

Question 30

Which main bronchus is wider, right or left?

Answer 30

right main bronchus is wider and shorter

Question 31

How many lobar bronchi are on the right?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

How many lobar bronchi are on the left?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

How many segmental bronchi are on the right side?

Answer 33

10 total: 3 in the superior lobe 2 in the middle lobe 5 in the inferior lobe

Question 34

How many segmental bronchi are on the left side?

Answer 34

10 total: 5 in the superior lobe 5 in the inferior lobe

Question 35

True or False: respiratory bronchioles are capable of gas exchange

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Characteristics of Asthma

Answer 36

- widespread narrowing of airways - ctx of smooth muscle - edema of mucosa - mucus in the lumen of the bronchioles

Question 37

What is a bronchoscopy?

Answer 37

insertion of a bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the main bronchi