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axial anatomy > Thoracic region > Flashcards

Thoracic region Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

A

12

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2
Q

What are the functions of the thoracic cage?

A

protection of vital organs
provides muscle attachments
assists respiration

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3
Q

Name the atypical vertebra in the thoracic spine

A

T1
T10
T11
T12

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4
Q

Why is T1 atypical?

A

this vertebra articulates with a single facet of its own rib

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5
Q

Why are T10 and T11 atypical?

A

lack inferior demi-facets on their bodies

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6
Q

Why are T11 and T12 atypical?

A

lack transverse costal facets, articulating only with the heads of their own ribs

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7
Q

Describe the thoracic rule of 3’s

A

T1,2,3 -> SP=TP
T4,5,6 -> SP 1/2 level below TP
T7,8,9 -> SP 1 level below TP
T10 -> SP 1 level below TP
T11 -> SP 1/2 level below TP
T12 -> SP=TP

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8
Q

Which are the true ribs?

A

upper 7 ribs

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9
Q

Name the floating ribs

A

ribs 11 and 12

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10
Q

What are the distinct features of rib 1?

A

flat, slopes inferiorly attaches to the manubrium, contains the scalene tubercle and 2 separate grooves

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11
Q

What are the distinct features of rib 2?

A

like rib 1 but twice as long

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12
Q

What are the distinct features of rib 10?

A

single facet, articulates with own vertebra

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13
Q

What are the distinct features of ribs 11 and 12?

A

articulates only with own vertebra, no tubercles or necks

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14
Q

What is the content of the intercostal spaces?

A

intercostal arteries and veins
intercostal nerve

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15
Q

Name the muscles of the intercostal spaces

A

external intercostal
internal intercostal
innermost intercostal

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16
Q

Name the joints between thoracic vertebra

A

intervertebral
facet/zygapophysial

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17
Q

Name the joints between rib and spine

A

costovertebral
costotransverse

18
Q

Name the joints between cartilage and ribs/sternum

A

costochondral
interchondral
sternocostal

19
Q

Name the joints of the sternum

A

sternoclavicular
manubriosternal
xiphisternal

20
Q

What is the costovertebral joint between?

A

head of rib and costal facet on vertebral body

21
Q

What is the costotransverse joint between?

A

tubercle of rib with transverse process of vertebrae

22
Q

What is the costochondral joint between?

A

sternal end of rib and costal cartilage

23
Q

What is the interchondral joint between?

A

the costal cartilage of the last few ribs

24
Q

What type of joint is the sternocostal joint between rib 1 and manubrium?

A

fibrocartilaginous

25
Q

What type of joint is the sternocostal joints between upper 7 ribs and the sternum?

A

synovial

26
Q

Name the joints of the sternum

A

sternoclavicular
manubriosternal
xiphisternal

27
Q

What movement has the greatest range in the thoracic spine?

A

rotation

28
Q

What movements are more restricted in the thoracic spine?

A

flexion and lateral flexion

29
Q

Which spine is least mobile from cervical, thoracic and lumbar?

A

thoracic

30
Q

What type of joint is an intervertebral joint?

A

symphysis
secondary cartilaginous

31
Q

What type of joint is a facet joint?

A

synovial plane

32
Q

What type of joint is a costochondral joint?

A

primary cartilaginous

33
Q

What type of joint is an interchondral joint?

A

synovial plane

34
Q

What type of joint is a sterno-clavicular joint?

A

saddle

35
Q

What type of joint is the manubrio-sternal joint?

A

symphysis

36
Q

What type of joint is a xiphisternal joint?

A

synchondrosis

37
Q

What muscles produce flexion in the trunk?

A

rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques

38
Q

What muscles produce extension in the trunk?

A

Erector spinae
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
multifidus
interspinales

39
Q

Which muscles produce side flexion in the trunk?

A

erector spinae
internal obliques
external obliques
multifidus
intertransversus
rectus abdominis

40
Q

Which muscle produce rotation in the trunk?

A

Internal obliques
external obliques
erector spinae
rotatores
rectus abdominis
multifidus

41
Q

What are the accessory movements of the thoracic spine?

A

Central PA: Spinous process
Unilateral PA: Transverse process
Unilateral PA : rib angle

axial anatomy (7 decks)

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