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CATA 437 final > Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Thorax requires a lot of

A

mobility

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2
Q

why is the thorax a difficult area to assess

A

MSK injuries and referred pain from viscera

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3
Q

ANS origin found between

A

T1 and L2

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4
Q

ANS responsible for

A

innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and blood vessels

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5
Q

SNS

A

fight of flight

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6
Q

T1-T5 innervate

A

heart, lungs

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7
Q

T5-L2 innervates

A

stomach, intestines, spleen and liver, pancreas

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8
Q

T10-L2 innervates

A

distal half of large intestine, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, kidney

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9
Q

PNS

A

most active in non stressful situations
SLUDD

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10
Q

chest binding

A

compress breast tissue

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11
Q

concerns with use of binding

A

bad outcomes (used as a sense of safety in social spaces)

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12
Q

pectus carinatum

A

chest out

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13
Q

pectus excavatum

A

chest in

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14
Q

common T spine pathologies

A

scoliosis
kyphosis
thoracic outlet syndrome
rib fracture
muscle strains
costochondral and chondrosternal joint sprains
manubriosternal and strenoclavicular joint sprain
intervertebral facet joint sprain

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15
Q

rule of 3s T1-T3

A

TP at same level of vertebrae

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16
Q

rule of 3s T4-T6

A

tp 1/2 above sp

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17
Q

T7-T9 rule of 3s

A

tp at level of sp of vertebrae above

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18
Q

T10 TP position

A

same as T7-T9

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19
Q

Rule of 3’s for T11 SP

A

same as T4-T6

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20
Q

Rule of 3’s for T12 SP

A

same as T1-T3

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21
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

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22
Q

false ribs

A

8-10

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23
Q

floating ribs

A

At the levels of T11-T12

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24
Q

Rib 1 anatomy

A

apex or right lung
ant scalenes

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25
Q

what joint allows bucket handle mvt

A

costovertebral

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26
Q

movement of ribs

A

pump handle
bucket handle

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27
Q

if rotation to the right, the ribs are in

A

R = external rotation
L= internal rotation

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28
Q

respiratory muscles

A

diaphragm
serratus posterior
external intercostals
internal intercostals

29
Q

serratus posterior- inferior

A

aids in respiration and lowers the ribs

30
Q

serratus posterior-superior

A

aids in respiration and elevates the ribs

31
Q

diaphragm

A

primary muscle of respiration
dome
seperates thorax from abdomen
flattens in inspiration
goes ups with expiration

32
Q

what attaches to diaphragm

A

pleural tissue and pericardium

33
Q

what nerves run between pericardial sac and diaphragm

A

phrenic nerves (C3,4,5)

34
Q

facial connection of the diaphragm to what

A

psoas major and QL

35
Q

esophagus pierces diaphragm at

A

T10

36
Q

thoracolumbar fascia attaches medially to

A

thoracic and lumbar spine and laterally to costal angles, 12th rib

37
Q

thoracolumbar fascia merges with

A

lats
glute med
glute max
T A
and int/ext obliques

38
Q

MOI of muscle strains of T/S

A

coughing
twisting/rotation activities and heavy lifting

39
Q

ribs stress fractures common in

A

rowers (9%)

40
Q

what ribs are affected by stress fx

A

most commonly posterior ribs (T4-T7) due to the pull of SA, rhomboids, lats, ES

41
Q

disc herniation is as common in T/S than rest of spine

A

false

42
Q

disc herniation most common in what population and where

A

males in 40-50s, 75% below T8

43
Q

disc herniation is associated with what pain

A

axial pain, radiculopathy

44
Q

law of scoliosis

A

1
rotation and side bend opposite

45
Q

scoliosis named after what

A

apex of the curve and side of the convexity

46
Q

scoliosis effect on ribs - convex side

A

ribs pushed posterior, angle gets sharper and overall volume is decreased

47
Q

scoliosis effects on ribs- concave

A

ribs pushed anteriorly, widens the angle

48
Q

cobb angle

A

angle between start and end of the curve

49
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum

50
Q

costochondritis s&s

A

sharp achy or pressure like pain
worse with coughing and deep breathing
improves on its own

51
Q

thoracic outlet 2 types

A

neuro (most common 95%)
vascular (arterial 1-2% venous 3-5%)

52
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome most common in

A

women

53
Q

TOS MOI

A

repetitive OH movement
faulty posture
improper breathing
traumatic/whiplash/falls

54
Q

common entrapment sites for TOS

A

between scalenes (ant/mid)
1st rib
clavicle
pec minor

55
Q

Scheuermann’ kyphosis

A

can occur in young age (13-16)
vertabrae grow at different rate during child’s growth spurt
pain to follow after periods of exertion or long periods of inactivity

56
Q

Dowager’s hump

A

increased kyphosis
from stress fractures or postmenopausal osteoporosis

57
Q

proper breathing mechanics

A

nose
expansion of abdomen
slight anterior tilt of pelvis with inhalation
pump and bucket handle mvt of the chest
no shoulder mvt
relaxation of neck muscles

58
Q

chest breathing

A

whole body moves up
tension through neck muscles
rib flare

59
Q

what muscles are used with chest breathing

A

SCM
scalene
UFT

60
Q

collapsed breathing

A

whole body moves down
shoulders hunched
compression to the heart, lungs and organs
chest and rib cage compress inferior
belly projected forward and down

61
Q

collapsed breathing common in

A

obese individuals and people suffering from depression

62
Q

frozen breathing

A

entire outer layer of body contracts to constrict and suppress the rising movements of breath
breath holding and tension

63
Q

when can frozen breathing happen

A

cold environment or stressful situations

64
Q

reverse breathing

A

abdomen contracts in on inspiration and out on expiration

65
Q

non emergent signs of dysfunctional breathing

A

cranial movement on rib cage
inward movement of abdomen
movement of spine (flex/ext)

66
Q

Signs of improper activation of core-stabilization during movements

A
  1. Elevation of the chest - brings the diaphragm away from ideal position for maximal activation
  2. Breath holding when performing tasks
  3. The inability to maintain the intra-abdominal pressure during the normal respiratory cycle
  4. Imbalanced abdominal activity with excessive contraction of the rectus abdominis, and lack of activity of the lateral and posterior parts of the abdominal wall
  5. Belly breathing pattern where only the front of the abdomen expands
  6. Concavities at the lower lateral abdomen
67
Q

what does an elevated chest impair (breathing)

A

contraction of the costal part of the diaphragm

68
Q

rib dysfunction

A
69
Q

rib dysfunction

A

CATA 437 final (5 decks)

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