Thoracic Viscera Lab

Question 1

Heart location

Answer 1

lies between IC spaces 2 and 6; apex opposite last segment sternum and cr to sternal attachment diaphragm; distance apex to base usually 2/3 dorsoventral diameter of thorax

Question 2

relationship of heart to ribs in thorax

Answer 2

medial

Question 3

relationship of heart to lungs in thorax

Answer 3

ventro cd to cr lung lobe, ventro cr to cd lung lobe

Question 4

relationship of heart to diaphragm in thorax

Answer 4

cr

Question 5

relationship of heart to basal border of lung in thorax

Answer 5

cr

Question 6

relationship of heart to cr vena cava in thorax

Answer 6

cd

Question 7

PALT

Answer 7

Pulmonary valave- L side low 3rd IC space
Aortic valve- L side high 4th IC space just below horizontal line through shoulder jt
Left AV valve- L side low 5th IC space; caudodorsal to olecranon
Right AV valve (tricuspid)- R side low in 3rd or 4th IC space

Question 8

cardiac notch

Answer 8

divides cr and cd lobes bilaterally; in theory cardiac notch provides access to heart that does not require piercing lungs so in theory go through L side bc L side larger and no accessory lobe

Question 9

L cardiac notch

Answer 9

between 3rd and 6th ribs

Question 10

R cardiac notch

Answer 10

between 3rd rib and 4th IC space

Question 11

accessory lobe

Answer 11

On r lung, wraps around cd VC

Question 12

course of the blood supply as it enters the heart, circulates to the lungs, and then is pumped to
the systemic circulation

Answer 12

Cr or Cd VC -> RA -> R AV valve -> RV -> pulomary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> LA -> L AV valve -> LV -> aorta -> brachiocephalic trunk

Question 13

intervenous tubercle

Answer 13

prevents blood from cr and cd VC draining back into heart from crashing into each other and beocming turbulent

Question 14

branches brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 14

L subclavian, bicarotid trunk, R subclavian arteries

Question 15

branches of subclavian artery

Answer 15

costocervical trunk, deep cervical trunk, vertebral artery, superficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery

Question 16

Cd vena cava relationship to aorta

Answer 16

cd vc v to aorta

Question 17

pleura

Answer 17

parietal and visceral

Question 18

parietal pleura

Answer 18

costal- lines ribs
diaphragmatic pleura
mediastinal pleura

Question 19

visceral pleura

Answer 19

touches lungs

Question 20

pleural recess

Answer 20

where parietal pleura directly applied to each other; cupula pleura and costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 21

cupula pleura

Answer 21

on both sides in cr mediastinum where costal pleura reflects back to become mediastinal pleura; in horse this extends cr to 1st rib on R side

Question 22

costodiaphragmetic recess

Answer 22

cd to basal border of lung where costal and diaphragmatic pleura rest against one another

Question 23

parts of medaistinum

Answer 23

cr (area in front of heart), middle (at level of heart), and caudal (cd to heart, portion v to esophagus pushed over to L by accessory lobe)

Question 24

cr mediastinum on R side contains

Answer 24

cr vena cava
costo cervical trunk
deep cervical artery
vertebral artery
azygous vein
phrenic nerve
trachea
vagus nerve
thymus (in young patients)
cr mediastinal LNs

Question 25

cr mediastinum on L side contains

Answer 25

``` costocervical trunk deep cervical artery vertebral artery phrenic nerve vagus thymus (In young patients) cr mediastinal LNs aortic arch trachea esophagus ```

Question 26

middle mediastinum contains

Answer 26

thoracic duct phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Symp trunk

Question 27

cd mediastinum contains

Answer 27

``` aorta esophagus cd vc d and v vagal trunks phrenic nerve azygous vein throacic duct ```

Question 28

horse mediastinum

Answer 28

fenestrated so pneumothorax more likely to be bilateral in horse

Question 29

phrenic nerve origin to ternimation

Answer 29

- phrenic nerve originates at C5, C6, C7 passes caudoventrally over cr vc, the heart, and then ventral to lung root with cd vc then to diaphragm (on R) - phrenic nerve originates at c5,c6,c7 then passes caudoventrally over base of heart, then ventral to lung root with cd vc, then to diaphragm (on L)

Question 30

Sympathetic NS gangia

Answer 30

``` cr cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion cervicothroacic ganlgion symp trunk ganglion cd mesenteric ganglion pelivic ganglion ```

Question 31

sympathetic ns nerves

Answer 31

sympathetic trunk, vertebral nerve; vago symp trunk splits into vagus and symp trunk as it approaches thorax from neck, symp trunk more dorsal of two; symp trunk T1-L4

Question 32

Path of vagus

Answer 32

CN 10, exist skull via tympanioccipital fissure; vagus bifurcates into D and V branches at level T6 (R and L ventral branches unite at this level forming V vagal trunk (passes caudally ventral to esophagus); d branches unite farther caudally d to esophagus and form d vagal trunk; follows esophagus through diaphragm

Question 33

vagal trunk accompany esophagus through diaphragm

Answer 33

through esophageal hiatus carries parasympathetic nerve supply to abdominal viscera

Question 34

vagus lungs and esophagus

Answer 34

ventral branches vagus give rise to plexus on bifurcation of trachea which supplies lungs and esophagus

Question 35

auricular surface heart

Answer 35

has auricle, is on L side

Question 36

paraconal interventricular groove

Answer 36

on auricular side; contains L coronary artery and great cardiac vein

Question 37

subsinusoidal interventricular groove

Answer 37

on atrial side; contains R coronary artery and middle cardiac vein

Question 38

atrial side

Answer 38

R side

Question 39

coronary groove

Answer 39

marks division between atria and ventricles; subsinusoidal and paraconal interventricular grooves pass from coronary groove to apex of heart; these mark position of interventricular septum

Question 40

tracheobronchial LNs

Answer 40

bifurcation trachea cd to base of aortic arch at level of T6

Question 41

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 41

branch of vagus R recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves R vagus at level 1st rib and loops around branch of subclavian artery to run up neck L recurrent laryngeal nerve arises farther caudally than R one (at base of aortic arch) it runs lateral to medial around arch of aorta (ligament arteriosum?) which makes it a longer course -> L laryngeal hemiplegia

Question 42

lung lobes horse

Answer 42

L cr, L cd, R cr, R accessory, R cd

Question 43

fossa ovalis

Answer 43

in intertribal septum; remnant of thin sheet that covered foramen vale during development; this is a depression in r atrium of heart

Question 44

coronary sinus

Answer 44

short collecting trunk of large cardiac veins found in coronary and interventricular grooves

Question 45

interventricular septum

Answer 45

wall separating ventricles

Question 46

coronary arteries

Answer 46

structural blood supply to heart