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Equine Anatomy > Thoracic Viscera Lab > Flashcards

Thoracic Viscera Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Heart location

A

lies between IC spaces 2 and 6; apex opposite last segment sternum and cr to sternal attachment diaphragm; distance apex to base usually 2/3 dorsoventral diameter of thorax

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2
Q

relationship of heart to ribs in thorax

A

medial

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3
Q

relationship of heart to lungs in thorax

A

ventro cd to cr lung lobe, ventro cr to cd lung lobe

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4
Q

relationship of heart to diaphragm in thorax

A

cr

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5
Q

relationship of heart to basal border of lung in thorax

A

cr

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6
Q

relationship of heart to cr vena cava in thorax

A

cd

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7
Q

PALT

A

Pulmonary valave- L side low 3rd IC space
Aortic valve- L side high 4th IC space just below horizontal line through shoulder jt
Left AV valve- L side low 5th IC space; caudodorsal to olecranon
Right AV valve (tricuspid)- R side low in 3rd or 4th IC space

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8
Q

cardiac notch

A

divides cr and cd lobes bilaterally; in theory cardiac notch provides access to heart that does not require piercing lungs so in theory go through L side bc L side larger and no accessory lobe

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9
Q

L cardiac notch

A

between 3rd and 6th ribs

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10
Q

R cardiac notch

A

between 3rd rib and 4th IC space

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11
Q

accessory lobe

A

On r lung, wraps around cd VC

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12
Q

course of the blood supply as it enters the heart, circulates to the lungs, and then is pumped to
the systemic circulation

A

Cr or Cd VC -> RA -> R AV valve -> RV -> pulomary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> LA -> L AV valve -> LV -> aorta -> brachiocephalic trunk

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13
Q

intervenous tubercle

A

prevents blood from cr and cd VC draining back into heart from crashing into each other and beocming turbulent

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14
Q

branches brachiocephalic trunk

A

L subclavian, bicarotid trunk, R subclavian arteries

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15
Q

branches of subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk, deep cervical trunk, vertebral artery, superficial cervical artery, internal thoracic artery

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16
Q

Cd vena cava relationship to aorta

A

cd vc v to aorta

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17
Q

pleura

A

parietal and visceral

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18
Q

parietal pleura

A

costal- lines ribs
diaphragmatic pleura
mediastinal pleura

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19
Q

visceral pleura

A

touches lungs

20
Q

pleural recess

A

where parietal pleura directly applied to each other; cupula pleura and costodiaphragmatic recess

21
Q

cupula pleura

A

on both sides in cr mediastinum where costal pleura reflects back to become mediastinal pleura; in horse this extends cr to 1st rib on R side

22
Q

costodiaphragmetic recess

A

cd to basal border of lung where costal and diaphragmatic pleura rest against one another

23
Q

parts of medaistinum

A

cr (area in front of heart), middle (at level of heart), and caudal (cd to heart, portion v to esophagus pushed over to L by accessory lobe)

24
Q

cr mediastinum on R side contains

A 
cr vena cava
costo cervical trunk
deep cervical artery
vertebral artery
azygous vein
phrenic nerve
trachea
vagus nerve
thymus (in young patients)
cr mediastinal LNs
25
Q

cr mediastinum on L side contains

A 
costocervical trunk
deep cervical artery
vertebral artery
phrenic nerve
vagus
thymus (In young patients)
cr mediastinal LNs
aortic arch
trachea
esophagus
26
Q

middle mediastinum contains

A

thoracic duct
phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Symp trunk

27
Q

cd mediastinum contains

A 
aorta
esophagus
cd vc
d and v vagal trunks
phrenic nerve
azygous vein
throacic duct
28
Q

horse mediastinum

A

fenestrated so pneumothorax more likely to be bilateral in horse

29
Q

phrenic nerve origin to ternimation

A
  • phrenic nerve originates at C5, C6, C7 passes caudoventrally over cr vc, the heart, and then ventral to lung root with cd vc then to diaphragm (on R)
  • phrenic nerve originates at c5,c6,c7 then passes caudoventrally over base of heart, then ventral to lung root with cd vc, then to diaphragm (on L)
30
Q

Sympathetic NS gangia

A 
cr cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion
cervicothroacic ganlgion
symp trunk ganglion
cd mesenteric ganglion
pelivic ganglion
31
Q

sympathetic ns nerves

A

sympathetic trunk, vertebral nerve; vago symp trunk splits into vagus and symp trunk as it approaches thorax from neck, symp trunk more dorsal of two; symp trunk T1-L4

32
Q

Path of vagus

A

CN 10, exist skull via tympanioccipital fissure; vagus bifurcates into D and V branches at level T6 (R and L ventral branches unite at this level forming V vagal trunk (passes caudally ventral to esophagus); d branches unite farther caudally d to esophagus and form d vagal trunk; follows esophagus through diaphragm

33
Q

vagal trunk accompany esophagus through diaphragm

A

through esophageal hiatus carries parasympathetic nerve supply to abdominal viscera

34
Q

vagus lungs and esophagus

A

ventral branches vagus give rise to plexus on bifurcation of trachea which supplies lungs and esophagus

35
Q

auricular surface heart

A

has auricle, is on L side

36
Q

paraconal interventricular groove

A

on auricular side; contains L coronary artery and great cardiac vein

37
Q

subsinusoidal interventricular groove

A

on atrial side; contains R coronary artery and middle cardiac vein

38
Q

atrial side

A

R side

39
Q

coronary groove

A

marks division between atria and ventricles; subsinusoidal and paraconal interventricular grooves pass from coronary groove to apex of heart; these mark position of interventricular septum

40
Q

tracheobronchial LNs

A

bifurcation trachea cd to base of aortic arch at level of T6

41
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

branch of vagus
R recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves R vagus at level 1st rib and loops around branch of subclavian artery to run up neck

L recurrent laryngeal nerve arises farther caudally than R one (at base of aortic arch) it runs lateral to medial around arch of aorta (ligament arteriosum?) which makes it a longer course -> L laryngeal hemiplegia

42
Q

lung lobes horse

A

L cr, L cd, R cr, R accessory, R cd

43
Q

fossa ovalis

A

in intertribal septum; remnant of thin sheet that covered foramen vale during development; this is a depression in r atrium of heart

44
Q

coronary sinus

A

short collecting trunk of large cardiac veins found in coronary and interventricular grooves

45
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall separating ventricles

46
Q

coronary arteries

A

structural blood supply to heart

Equine Anatomy (14 decks)

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