Flashcards in Thoracic Wall Deck (18)
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1
Describe the location of the intercostal veins, arteries, nerves
Between the internal intercostal muscle and the innermost (intimal) intercostal muscle
2
What anatomic structure marks the internal limit of the thoracic wall
Endothoracic Fascia
- thin fibrous layer of connective tissue that is continuous with the most internal component of the investing fascia of the intercostal muscles
- the parietal pleura rests on the endothoracic fascia
3
Name the intercostal muscles
11 pairs each, from superficial to deep:
- External intercostals (down / forward)
- Internal intercostal muscle (down / posterior)
**intercostal artery, vein, neves**
- Innermost intercostal muscles - intercostales intimi - (more vertical fibers)
** endothoracic fascia**
4
Layers of thorax at breast, from superficial to deep
Epidermis
Dermis
Sub q fat
**Anterior branch of intercostal nerve seen in sub q near lateral edge of sternum*
** Lateral branch of intercostal nerve and artery seen in sub q near lateral edge of breast**
Mammary gland, within superficial fascia
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
**Intercostal artery, vein, nerve*
Innermost intercostal muscle
**Endothoracic fascia*
Parietal pleura
5
Origins of the intercostal nerves
Intercostal nerves are direct continuations of the ventral primary rami of the upper 11 thoracic spinal nerves
6
posterior intercostal arteries (spaces 3-11) arise from
thoracic aorta
7
First two spaces of posterior intercostal arteries arise from
superior intercostal arteries, which come from the costocervical trunk
8
anterior intercostal arteries of **upper 5 spaces** arise from
internal thoracic (internal mammary) artery
9
anterior intercostal arteries of **lower 6 spaces**
musculophrenic artery
10
posterior intercostal VEINS drain into
azygos and hemiazygos systems
11
anterior intercostal VEINS drain into
musculophrenic and internal thoracic veins
12
superficial muscles of the pectoral region
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius
13
two origins / divisions and insertion of pectoralis major
Origins: clavicle and sternum at 2nd-6th ribs
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
14
anatomic landmark that defines the separation of the upper lateral border of the pectoralis major from the deltoid muscle
CEPHALIC VEIN
15
General action of pectoralis major
Brings arm across the chest
16
Origins and insertion of pectoralis minor
Origin: 2nd-5th ribs
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
17
General action of pectoralis minor
Lower the shoulder
Accessory muscle of respiration
18
