Thorax

Question 1

posterior of thoracic wall

Answer 1

thoracic vertebrae and their intervertebral disks

Question 2

lateral of thoracic wall

Answer 2

ribs and thoracic musles

Question 3

anterior of thoracic wall

Answer 3

sternum

Question 4

superior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

surrounded in bone by:
-TI verterbrum
-Rib 1
-the manubrium

Question 5

pleural cavities

Answer 5

extend up through the STA

Question 6

Passes through the aperture of into neck

Answer 6

carotoid arteries, jugular veins, esophagus, and trachea

Question 7

interior thoracic aperture

Answer 7

surround by:
-T12 vertebrum
-rib 11 and 12
-cartilage of 7-10
-xphoid process

Question 8

Passes through the aperture of into neck

Answer 8

carotoid arteries, jugular veins, esophagus, and trachea

Question 9

Seals the floor of the ITA

Answer 9

Diaphragm; with two passages for the esophagus and descending` aorta

Question 10

Mediastinum

Answer 10

medial partition that contains viscera and divides left and right pleura

Question 11

how is the mediastinum divided

Answer 11

by the line between manubriosternal joint and joint between T4 and T5 into interior and superior mediastinum

Question 12

Pleural cavities

Answer 12

enclosed by membranes called the pleura
-parietal pleura
-visceral pleura

Question 13

parietal pleura

Answer 13

more superficial and associated with the thoracic wall

Question 14

Visceral pleura

Answer 14

deeper and surrounding the lung
-space between is filled with fluid that prevents the lungs from collapsing during inhalation

Question 15

pneumothorax

Answer 15

puncture into the space allowing air in

Question 16

pectoral region

Answer 16

-superficial compartment
-deep compartment

Question 17

Superficial compartment

Answer 17

skin and breasts

Question 18

deep compartment

Answer 18

muscles and connective tissues

Question 19

mammary glands

Answer 19

modified sweat glands composed of small secretory lobules that empty into 15-20 small lactiferous ducts
-each duct has its own opening
-areola is the latching point for newborns

Question 20

retromammary space

Answer 20

separated from the deep fascia and by loose connective tisse

Question 21

arterial supply of the breast

Answer 21

collects blood through multiple arteries associated with the chest and limbs

Question 22

venous supply of breast

Answer 22

axillary, internal thoracic, and intercostal veins

Question 23

innervation of breast

Answer 23

2nd-6th intercostal nerves
4th intercostal innervates nipple

Question 24

lymphatic drainage of nipple

Answer 24

mostly through axillary nodes

Question 25

muscles of pectoral region

Answer 25

-pectoralis major -subclavius -pectoralis minor

Question 26

pectoralis major

Answer 26

-adduction -medial rotation -flexion of the humerus

Question 27

subclavius

Answer 27

-pulls clavicle medially -depresses tip of shoulder

Question 28

pectoralis minor

Answer 28

-depress tip of shoulder -protracts scapula

Question 29

Superior of thorax

Answer 29

head of its own ribs

Question 30

inferior of thorax

Answer 30

head of the next rib

Question 31

12 ribs

Answer 31

-7 true ribs (have their own costal cartilage) -5 false ribs -3 share costal cartilage -2 floating ribs

Question 32

costal groove of rib holds

Answer 32

intercostal blood vessels and nerves

Question 33

important landmarks

Answer 33

-jugular notch -xiphoid visible -palpable

Question 34

costal vertebral joints

Answer 34

-two synovial joints at the head -costotransverse joint (also synovial) at tubercle

Question 35

costotransverse ligaments

Answer 35

hold the costotransverse joints together

Question 36

sternocostal joints

Answer 36

-manubriosternal joints -xiphisterna joint

Question 37

serratus naterior

Answer 37

on lateral margins

Question 38

three muscles in space between ribs

Answer 38

-exterior intercostal -inspiration -interior intercostal-expiration -innermost intercostals-synergist to interior

Question 39

subcostales

Answer 39

in same plane as inner intercostals -can depress ribs

Question 40

transverse thoracicus

Answer 40

depress costal cartilages

Question 41

posterior supply

Answer 41

intercostal arteies erupting from the aorta

Question 42

anterior supply

Answer 42

internal thoracic arteries -erupt from subclavian arteries -may branch off into anterior intercostal arteries

Question 43

segmental blood supply

Answer 43

drain into either the azygous veins or the internal thoracic veins

Question 44

accessory hemizygous

Answer 44

from ribs, thoracic muscles and spinal cord

Question 45

hemizygous

Answer 45

from lover ribs and thoracic muscles, plus abdomen

Question 46

phrenic nerves

Answer 46

collects axons from C3-C5

Question 47

pericardial branch

Answer 47

innervation for pericardium and mediastinum

Question 48

pulmonary arteries

Answer 48

carry blood to the lungs

Question 49

pulmonary veins

Answer 49

return it to the left atrium of heart

Question 50

oblique tissue separates in left lung

Answer 50

inferior love from the superior

Question 51

left lung

Answer 51

two lobes and one fissure. -extends to the hilum

Question 52

right lung

Answer 52

three lobes and two fissures, -extends to the hillium

Question 53

oblique fissue serparates in right lung

Answer 53

inferior lobe from the other two

Question 54

horizontal fissure separates

Answer 54

middle from superior

Question 55

pericardium

Answer 55

sac surround heart and the roots of the great vessles

Question 56

splanchnic nerves

Answer 56

branches the innervate several important abdominal ganglia

Question 57

hemiazygous veins

Answer 57

collects blood from lower intercostals and brochial veins

Question 58

vagus nerves

Answer 58

-CNX -parasympatchic innervation to the thoracic organs and sensory afferents from the thoracic organs

Question 59

Phrenic nerves

Answer 59

-C3-C5, mostly C4 -sensory and motor to diaphragm -sensory from pleura and pericardium