thorax Flashcards
1
Q
other name for the armpit
A
axillary fossa
2
Q
what covers the pectorals major
A
pectoral fascia
3
Q
where is deltoid muscle
A
shoulder
4
Q
what is the tail of the breast called
A
axillary process
5
Q
how many ribs do we have
A
12
6
Q
which ribs articualte with the sternum
A
1-7
7
Q
which ribs articlate with the cartilage above (costal margin)
A
8-10
8
Q
which ribs are ‘floating’
A
11-12
9
Q
which rib does the clavicle lie over
A
rib 1
10
Q
which ribs costal cartilage articualtes with the sternum
A
rib 2
11
Q
what are the parts of the sternum superior to inferior
A
- manubrium
- sternal angle
- body
- xiphoid process
12
Q
what does costal cartilage do
A
join rib to sternal angle
13
Q
look at image
A
14
Q
what is the doorway between thoracic cavity and the neck region
A
superior thoracic aperture
15
Q
where does the scapula descend across
A
rib 2 to rib 7
16
Q
parts of the rib
A
- head
- neck
- tubercle
17
Q
what does the radiate ligament of the rib do
A
joins the head of the rib to two vertebral bodies and the interposed intervertebral disc
18
Q
what does the superior costotransverse ligament join
A
the crest of the neck of the rib to the transverse process above
19
Q
what is external intercosal innervated by
A
intercostal nerve
20
Q
what is main action of external intercostal
A
during forced inspiration: elevates ribs
21
Q
what is internal intercostal inervated by
A
intercostal nerve
22
Q
what is main action of internal intercostal muslce
A
during forced respiration: depresses ribs
23
Q
where is subclavian vein located
A
between rib 1 and clavicle
24
Q
where does the intnernal thoracic artery arise from
A
subclavian artery
25
what is major muscle of respiration
diaphgragm
26
what are the muscle involved in active inspiration
- sternoclamastoid
- desceding trapezius
- pectoralis minor
- scalenes
27
what are the muscles involed in active expiration
- sternoclamastoid
- descending trapezius
- scalenes
28
how many lobes does right lung have
3
29
how is superior lobe separated from middle lobe (right lung)
horizontal fissure
30
how is middle lobe separated from inferior lobe (right lung)
oblique fissure
31
how many lobes does left lung have
2
32
how are lobes separated in left lung
oblique fissure
33
what does the right braciocephalic vein become
right subclavian vein
34
what does the right vagus nerve go over
right subclavian artery
35
what does the superior vena cava split into
right brachiocephalic vein
and
left brachiocephalic vein
36
what is special feature of left lung
lingula
37
what does left braciocephalic vein split into
left subclavian vein
and
internal jugular vein
38
what does the left lung have due to the presence of the heart
cardiac notch
39
where is apex of the heart
5th intercostal spcae at the left midclavicualr line
40
what are the parts of the pharynx superior to inferior
- naso
- oro
- laryngo
41
what is cardiac tamponade
heart is comprimised by the fluid outside the heart but inside the pericardial cavity
42
where is cervical pleura located in lungs
top
43
why is the right lung larger and heavier than the left lung
right dome of the diaphragm is higher
44
what are the 3 surfaces of the lung
- costal
- mediastinal
- diaphragmatic
45
how many bronchi in right lung
10
46
how many segmental bronchi in left
8
47
what are the bronchopulmonary segements called in right lung
superior lobe:
- apical
- posterior
- anterior
middle lobe:
- lateral
- medial
inferior lobe
- superior
- anteiror basal
- medial basal
- lateral basal
- posterior basal
48
what are the bronchopulmonary segements called in left lung
superior lobe
- apicoposterior
- anterior
- superior lingular
- inferior lingular
inferior lobe
- anterior basal
- medial baal
- lateral basal
- posterior basal
49
what does trachae bifurcate into
50
what bronchi is more lateral and wider
right
51
where is apisrated foreign bodies more likely to lodge the right or left bronchi
right
52
what does the right bronchus give off before entering the hilium
right superior lobe bronchus
53
what does right main bronchus give off after entering hilum
right middle and inferior lobe bronchi
54
what does left main bronchus divide into
left superior and left inferior lobar bronchi
55
what bifurcation point of trachea called
carina
56
what condition causes abnormally dilated bronchi
bronchiectasis
57
what does the pulmonary trunk divide into
right pulmonary artery
and
left pulmonary artery
58
what does pulmonary plexus recieve sympathetic and parasympathetic from
sympathetic contributions
59
where does phrenic nerve pass over or under lung
over lung
60
is visceral pleura sensitive to pain
no
61
whats most anterior trachea or oesophagus
trachea
62
what are the 4 heart valves called
- aortic
- pulmonary
- tricuspid
- mitral
63
what does it mean if percussion is resonant
air filled
64
what does it mean if percussion is dull
65
what does it mean if percussion is flat sound
solid
66
what 2 things join to make the superior vena cava
right brachiocephalic vein
and
left brachiocephalic vein
67
what are the 3 things that come off the arch of aorta from right to left
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
68
from medial to lateral on right side what is order of arteries, veins, nerves
- right common carotid
- right vagus nerve
- right internal jugular vein
- right phrenic nerve
69
what 2 things make the brachiocephalic vein
subclavian vein
and
internal jugular
70
where does the phrenic nerve go to
into the diaphragm
71
look at diagram
72
where do internal thoracic arteries arise
from the subclavian arteries
73
what does the right brachiocephalic vein become
superior vena cava
74
what ligament is behind arch of aorta
ligamentum arteriosum
75
what loops under arch of aorta
left recurrent larygneal nerve
76
where does ligamentum arteriosum pass
from the origin of the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta
77
where do the great cardiac veins drain into
coronary sinus
78
where do the pulmonary veins enter
left atrium
79
where does the superior and inferior vena cava join the heart
at the right atrium
80
what layer of pericardium cover the heart
epicardium
81
how many great vessels need to be cut to remove the heart from pericardium
8
82
what does oesophagus run alongside
aorta
83
3 great vessels at top of heart what are they right to left
- superior vena cava
- aorta
- pulmonary trunk
84
what is the cycle of blood flow
1. inferior and superior vena cava into right atrium
2. right ventricle
3. pulmonary trunk
4. pulmonary arteries
5. lungs
6. pulmonary veins
7. left atrium
8. left ventricle
9. ascending aorta
10. arch of aorta
11. thoracic aorta
12. abdominal aorta
85
where does right coronary artery run
in coronary sulcus
86
what does the right coronary artery anastomose with
circumflex branch of left coronray artery
87
what supplies the SA node from the right coronary artery
right atrial branch
88
what is the main venous drainage vessel of the heart
coronary sinus
89
where does the coronary sinus drain
into right atrium
90
what does left coronary artery split into
circumflex branch
and
LAD
91
what does damage to AV node cause
heart block
92
during diastole is pulmonary and aortic valve open or closed
closed
93
during diastole are mitral and tricuspid valves open or closed
closed
94
during systole are aortic and pulmonary valves open or clsoed
open
95
during systole are mitral and tricuspid valves open or closed
closed
96
what is stenosis
narrowing
the failure of the valve to open properly
97
98
what is regurgitation
failure of the valve to to close completely
99
what can incomplete closure of oval foarmen cause
atrial septal defect
100
what is the entrance to left atrium
pulmonary veins
101
what is the exit of left artium
mirtal valve
102
exit of left ventricle
aortic valve
103
what do the papillary muscles do
control the adjacent halves of the mitral valve with. tnedinous cords
104
what are tendinous cord connected to
papillary muscles
105
what valves are atrioventricular
- tricuspid
- mitral
106
what valves are semilunar
- aortic
- pulmonary
107
what valves have tendinous cords
- tricuspid
- mitral
108
when do the coronary arteries fill
during diastole
109
where is thymus located
above ascending aorta
110
what is the first nerve, artery of vein beside trachea
recurrent laryngeal nerve
111
what does the right vagus give off
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
112
where does right recurrent laryngeal go
passes medially to reach trachea and oesophagus
113
what pain does aortic aneurysm cause
chest pain that radiates to back
114
what does the thymus play an important role in
development and maintenance of immune system
115
look at diagram
116
is the thymus the most superficial
yes
117
118
whats more superficial oesophagus or trachea
trachea
119
what does right recurrent laryngeal hook under
right subclavian artery
120
what does left recurrent laryngeal hook under
arch of aorta
121
where is ligamentum arteriosum
comess of arch of aorta
122
where does diaphragmatic pain go and why
to root of neck and over shoulder
because of C3-5 dermatomes
123
how does oesophagus enter diaphragm
through oeosphgeal hiatus
124
what are the anterior relations of oeosphagus superior to inferior
- trachea
- right and left bronchi
- inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
- pericardium
- diaphragm
125
what does the arch of the azygous vein go over
right main bronchus
126
when a foreign body is swalled where is it most likely to lodge and cause a stricture
- arch of aorta
- left main bronchus
- oesphageal hiatus
127
whats bigger trachea or oesophagus
trachea
128
where is thyroid gland
at top of trachea (kinda)
129
how many branches does thoracic aorta have
11
130
what is left and what is right between thoracic aorta and azygous vein
- left = thoracic aorta
- right = azygous vein
131
what is between thoracic aorta and azygous vein
thoracic duct
132
where does thoracic duct enter the venous system
at the left internal juglar and subclavian veins
= left venous angle
133
how is the right lympatic duct formed
right jugular + subclavian + bronchomediastinal trunks
134
what is the right side of the mediastinum dominated by
arch of azygous vein and superior vena cava
right side is blue = deoxygenated
135
are the trachea and oesophagus seen on right side
yes
136
where does the right vagus nerve descend
over surface of trachea
137
where does right vagus nerve enter
oesophageal plexus
138
what is the left side of the mediastinum dominated by
arch and descending aorta
mostly red = oxygenated blood
139
is trachea visible
no
140
what does the recurrent laryngeal branch off from
vagus nerve
141
how is the thoracic sympathetic trunk connected to each intercostal space
by rami communicantes
142
how is greater splanchnic nerve formed
by fibres from 5th to 10th thoracic sympathetic ganlgia
143
what does azygous vein drain into
superior vena cava
144
look at pages 284 to 289 for imaging
look at pages 284 to 289 for imaging
145
where is the level of jugular notch
T2
146
what is easily fractured during CPR
xiphoid process
147
what level is the sternal angle
rib 2
148
