THORAX lecture information

Question 1

intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins are WHAT to the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 1

positioned DEEP

Question 2

intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins are WHAT to the ribs

Answer 2

directly INFERIOR

Question 3

the internal thoracic artery is positioned WHAT to the first 6 costal cartilages

Answer 3

posterior (deep)

Question 4

what are the boundaries and contents of the thoracic cavity

Answer 4

BOUNDARIES
anterior: sternum
posterior: spine
superior: superior thoracic aperture
inferior: diaphragm

CONTENTS
organs of respiratory system and cardiovascular system

Question 5

compartments of the thoracic cavity

Answer 5

superior & inferior mediastinum
right pleural cavity (right lung) & left pleural cavity (left lung)

Question 6

components & function of thoracic wall

Answer 6

COMPONENTS
skin, subcutaneous tissue, ribs, intercostal muscles

FUNCTION
- protection
- respiration
- muscle attachment

Question 7

what are the three types of ribs

Answer 7

TRUE RIBS (1-7) : DIRECT cartilaginous attachment to sternum

FASE RIBS (8-10) : INDIRECT attachment to sternum

FLOATING (11,12) : NO connection to sternum

Question 8

what are the three rib joints and their synovial classification

Answer 8

1. COSTOVERTEBRAL joint
2. COSTOTRANSVERSE joint
3. STERNOCOSTAL joint

all are PLANE/GLIDING joints

Question 9

what are the two grooves on the 1st rib for

Answer 9

• subclavian a. and subclavian v.
  (subclavian v. is anterior to the subclavian a.)

Question 10

what is the tubercle on the 1st rib for

Answer 10

tubercle for anterior scalene m.
(anterior scalene m. is anterior to subclavian a.)

Question 11

explain the relation of the rami communicans to the sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 11

white and grey rami are related in connecting intercostal nerves to the sympathetic chain ganglion

Question 12

what type of sympathetic axons of WHITE rami carry

Answer 12

PREganglionic sympathetic axons (T1-L2)

Question 13

what type of sympathetic axons of GREY rami carry

Answer 13

POSTganglionic sympathetic axons (C1-S5)

Question 14

what are the actions of the diaphragm

Answer 14

INHALATION (breathing in)
- diaphragm CONTRACTS and FLATTENS (inferior displacement)
- air is pulled into the lungs

EXHALATION (breathing out)
- diaphragm RELAXES and returns to DOME SHAPE
- air is forced out of the lungs

Question 15

segmental innervation of diaphragm

Answer 15

C3-5 (“C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive”)

Question 16

peripheral nerve innervation

Answer 16

phrenic nerve

Question 17

what is the naming convention for the intercostal nerves

Answer 17

intercostal nerves for T1-T11
found inferior to the ribs 1-11

subcostal nerve = T12
found inferior to rib 12

Question 18

T4 major landmark

Answer 18

includes the nipple

Question 19

T6 major landmark

Answer 19

skin over xiphoid