Thrall chapter 30 canine and feline oesophagus Flashcards
(20 cards)
1) Which muscles make up the cranial oesophageal sphincter?
a) Thyropharyngeus
b) Palatopharyngeus
c) Cricothyroideus
d) Cricopharyngeus
A, D
2) True or false, the vagal trunk passes through the oesophageal hiatus?
a) True
b) False
A
3) Which of the following statements is true?
a) In dogs the muscular layer in the caudal third of the oesophagus is composed of smooth muscle
b) In cats the muscular layer in the caudal third of the oesophagus is composed of smooth muscle
c) In dogs the muscular layer of the oesophagus is made of smooth muscle
d) In both dogs and cats the muscular layer in the caudal third of the oesophagus is composed of smooth muscle
B
4) In which projection can the caudal third of the oesophagus sometimes be seen when it contains a small amount of fluid and still be considered normal?
a) VD
b) DV
c) Left lateral
d) Right lateral
C
5) What is represented in the image below by the black arrow?
a) Longus colli muscle
b) Longus capitus muscle
c) Partial oesophageal stricture
d) Indentation by the azygous vein
D
6) Which vessels supply oxygenated blood to the oesophagus?
a) Thyroid arteries, bronchoesophageal artery, oesophageal branches of the aorta and intercostal arteries, left gastric artery.
b) Carotid artery, bronchoesophageal artery, oesophageal branches of the aorta and intercostal arteries, left gastric artery.
c) Thyroid arteries, oesophageal branches of the aorta and intercostal arteries, left gastric artery.
d) Thyroid arteries, bronchoesophageal artery, oesophageal branches of the aorta and intercostal arteries, right gastric artery.
A
7) Which of the following is not a fluoroscopic feature of cricopharyngeal achalasia?
a) Incomplete/lack of opening of the cricopharyngeal sphincter or delayed time to opening of the sphincter
b) Barium retention in the pharynx
c) Aspiration of contrast in to the larynx and trachea
d) Short time to opening of cricopharygeal sphincter
7) D – how to tell pharyngeal dysphagia from cricopharyngeal
signs of achalasia:
Incomplete or lack of opening of cricopharyngeal sphincter
Vigorous attempts to pass bolus to cricopharyngeal sphincter
Synchrony of timing of the opening of the cricopharyngeal sphincter
Delayed time to cricopharyngeal sphincter opening
Barium retention in pharynx
Aspiration into larynx or trachea possible
8) Which type is dysphagia is most common in cats?
a) Oral
b) Pharyngeal
c) Cricopharyngeal
d) Oesophageal
D
9) True or false. The most common vascular ring anomalies that cause clinical disease are caused by a persistent right fourth aortic arch and regression of the left fourth aortic arch.
a) True
b) False
A
Which nerve is not involved in control of swallowing?
A V
B VII
C VIII
D IX
E X
F XII
C
and their nuclei in the brainstem that, in turn, are controlled by areas of the reticular formation referred to as the swallowing center
Which lymph nodes don’t drain the oesophagus?
Medial retropharyngeal
Mandibular
Deep cervical
Cranial mediastinal
Bronchial
Portal
Splenic
Gastric
Axillary
Mandibular, axillary
What is the most common cause of megaesophagus in dogs?
Neuromuscular junction disease (m. Gravis(
Disease of muscle (myositis)
Polyneuropathy
Idiopathic
Disease of the central nervous system
Idiopathic
Which oesophageal neoplasias are associated with spirocerca lupi infection?
Squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma and branchioma
Leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
Which breed is reported to have congenital oesophageal hernias?
French Bulldog
German Shepherds
Great Dane
Shar-pei
shar- pei
which is the least common cause of dysphagia in cats?
a) hiatal hernia
b) pharyngeal dysphagia
c) stricture
d) oesophageal dysmotility
B
Esophageal phase dysphagia is the most common type occurring in cats, with hiatal hernia, dysmotility, and stricture being the most common causes
which of the following is a sign of cricopharyngeal chalasia?
a) abnormal primary wave of peristalsis in the oesophagus
b) prolonged time to cricopharyngeal sphincter opening (>28s)
c) incomplete or lack of opening of the cricopharyngeal sphincter
d) inadequate pharyngeal contraction
B
signs of chalasia:
Relaxation or incompetence of the cricopharyngeal sphincter
Cricopharyngeal sphincter may appear air-filled
Prolonged time to cricopharyngeal sphincter opening (28 seconds)
Weak pharyngeal contractions may also be present
Aspiration into larynx or trachea possible
what does not differ between sternal and lateral recumbency for VFSS of the oesophagus?
a) number of primary waves for liquid and kibble studies
b) number of secondary waves
c) cervical oesophageal transit time
d) the percentage of swallows not associated with a primary peristaltic wave
B
when assessed with VFSS, cervical esophageal transit time is significantly shorter for dogs in sternal recumbency compared to lateral.17 The percentage of primary waves is significantly greater in liquid and kibble studies when done in sternal recumbency compared with lateral recumbency. Also, the percentage of swallows that have no associated primary peristaltic waves is higher in lateral recumbency. The percentage of secondary waves, however, does not differ between the two positions.
in terns of VFSS what is a primary and what is a secondary wave?
A primary peristaltic wave is a continuation of pharyngeal contraction that will propel the bolus directly to the stomach. If primary peristalsis fails, then the bolus is transported to the stomach either by secondary peristalsis or with the ensuing primary peristaltic wave generated by the next bolus.
name 3 oesophageal neoplasms.
osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma (s.lupi),
Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, branchioma, branchial cleft cysts, papilloma, angioleiomyosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma have also been reported but are rare
oesophageal foreign bodies can cause…
a) traction diverticula, in the caudal oesophagus
b) traction diverticula, in the cranial oesophagus
c) pulsion diverticula, in the cranial oesophagus
d) pulsion diverticula, in the caudal oesophagus
D
Increased intraluminal pressure from a foreign body or chronic functional obstruction can cause a pulsion diverticulum. Pulsion diverticula are located most commonly between the heart and diaphragm
caused by a thinning of the esophageal wall that allows it to bulge.
