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thyroid function Flashcards

1
Q

what two cells are in the thyroid gland

A

follicular and parafollicular

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2
Q

describe the follicular thyroid cells

A

single layer epithelial cells in a sphere

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3
Q

what hormones are made and secreted by follicular cells

A

T4
T3
rT3

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4
Q

what is T4

A

L-thyroxine

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5
Q

what is T3

A

L-triiodothyronine

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6
Q

what is rT3

A

reverse T3

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7
Q

where are hormones stored in the follicular cells

A

lumina follicle

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8
Q

what does the parafollicular cells secrete

A

calcitonin

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9
Q

what do thyroid hormones regulate

A
  • rate of O2 cosumption
  • heat production
  • growth
  • secual maturity
  • protein and carbohydrate metabolism
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10
Q

describe the hormone pattern of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis

A

hypothalamus released TRH -> stimulates anterior pituitary secretes TSH -> releases T3 and T4

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11
Q

what regulates TSH secretion

A
  • TRH
  • somatostatin
  • FT3
  • FT4
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12
Q

true or false
FT3 and FT4 stimulate the release of somatostatin from hypothalamus

A

true

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13
Q

amount of secreted T4 that converts to T3

A

40%

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14
Q

what is the process of T4 converting to T3

A

monodeionidination

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15
Q

how much T3 (converted from T4) is converted to rT3

A

45%

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16
Q

true or false
rT3 is biologically inactive

A

true

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17
Q

what do thyroid hormones bind to in blood ciruclation

A
  • Thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG)
  • thyroxine-binding pre-almbumin
  • thyroxine-binding albumin
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18
Q

what is the principle thyroid hormone carrier protein

A

TBG (thyroxine binding globulin)

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19
Q

what forms of T3 and T4 are active

A

free forms

20
Q

which thyroid hormone is more potent, T3 or T4

A

T3
- 4-5 times more potent

21
Q

name the disorder:
low to none T3 or T4, increased TSH

A

hypothyroidism

22
Q

name the disorder:
T3 and T4 increases, low TSH

A

hyperthyroidism

23
Q

what is the most useful test for assessing thyroid function

24
Q

describe subclinical hypothyroidism

A

TSH minimally increased, FT4 in normal range

25
describe subclinical hyperthyroidism
low TSH, normal FT4
26
what impacts T4 levels the most
alteration in thyroid hormone-binding proteins WITHOUT representing true clinical thyroid dysfunction
27
how much T3 is made from originally secreted T3
20% the other 80% is from converted T4
28
how many atoms of iodine are attached to T3
3 atoms of iodine
29
describe Ft4
able to enter tissues = active fraction
30
describe FT3
present in low numbers - not measured as much -> increased in hyperthyroidism
31
describe thyroglobulin antibody testing
leakage of thyroglobulin Ab into blood stream is measured for autoimmune hypothyroidism
32
describe thyroperoxidase antibody test
TPO Ab activate compliment in hypothyroidism - early indicatory
33
describe thyrotropin receptor antibody test
bind TSH receptor to stimulat thyroid gland independent of TSH present in all forms of autoimme thyrotoxicosis
34
describe grave's disease
- autoimmune hyperthyroidism - antibodies bind TSH receptor to stimulate thyroid gland - TSH independent release of thyroid hormones
35
describe hashimoto's thyroiditis
- autoimmune hypothyroidism - antibodies destroy thyroid glands - increased amount TPO antibodies
36
name the disorder - T4: decrease - T3: decrease - FT4: decrease - TSH incerease
primary hypothyroidism
37
name the disorder - T4: decrease - T3: decrease - FT4: decrease - TSH: decrease
secondary hypothyroidism
38
name the disorder - T4: increase - T3: increase - FT4: increase - TSH: decrease
primary hyperthyroidism
39
nuclear medicine evaluation | radioactive iodine
- measures metabolic activty of thyroid gland based on radioactive iodine take up - iodine is necessary for thyroid hormone formation = measuring amount taken reflects amount made
40
thyroid ultrasound
nodule detection
41
fine needle aspiration
evaluation of thyroid nodules (cellular structures) in absence of hyperthyroidism
42
what is the most common disorder of the thyroid gland
hypothyroidism
43
describe thyrotoxicosis
peripheral tissues are presented with (and respond to) excess of thyroid hormone
44
describe symptoms of Grave's disease
- thyrotoxicosis - goiter - big eyes - orange peel skin
45
describe toxic adenoma and multinodular goiter
caused by autonomously functioning thyroid tissue (acts w/o TSH) present hyperthyroidism
46
describe amiodarone-induced thyroid disease
- high levels of iodine in drug - causes inhibiton of thyroid hormone production - can cause hypothyroidism that overcorrects to hyperthyroidism - drug treats cardiac arrythmias
47
describe subacute thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland, leakage of stored thyroid hormone and repair of the gland

Clinical Chem 2 (25 decks)

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