THYROID GLAND

Question 1

• Butterfly shaped gland
• Consists of two lobes in the lower neck below the voice box

Answer 1

Thyroid Gland

Question 2

It connects the lobe via a NARROW BAND

Answer 2

Isthmus

Question 3

• A fundamental structural unit of the thyroid glans
• It is where the synthesis and storage of the thyroid hormones

Answer 3

Follicle

Question 4

• A glycoprotein with positive “ Periodic Acid Schiff” staining
• It acts as a performed matric containing tyrosyl groups
• It is stored in the follicular colloid of the thyroid gland

Answer 4

Thyroglobulin

Question 5

• 2 types of cells in Thyroid gland

Answer 5

Follicle (T3 and T4) and Parafollicular/ C- cells (Calcitonin)

Question 6

It is a neuroendocrine system that regulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormes

Answer 6

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA)

Question 7

It stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones through cellular uptake of dietary iodine

Answer 7

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Question 8

• It is a glycoprotein secreted by the follicles specially in the RER
• It is rich in Tyrosine
• It is where the integration if iodine and tyrosyl residue occurs
  It is the prohormone of thyroid hormone

Answer 8

Thyroglobulin

Question 9

• It catalyzes the iodination of tyrosyl residue in thyroglobulin
• It is also involved in the coupling of MIT and DIT

Answer 9

Thyroid Peroxidase

Question 10

• the products of the iodination of tyrosyl residue

Answer 10

Monoioidotyrosine (MIT)
Diiodootyrosine (DIT)

Question 11

• It is the prehormone of T3

Answer 11

T4

Question 12

• It is produced in the cytoplasm from the removal of one iodide outer ring of T4

Answer 12

T3

Question 13

• 2 organ involved in the conversion of T4 to T3

Answer 13

Liver and Kidney

Question 14

Hormones that are both released in the blood circulation from the thyroid cells

Answer 14

T4 and T3

Question 15

• it the sources for the formation of free thyroid hormones

Answer 15

Protein-bound thyroid hormones

Question 16

• It is formed from the removal of one of the iodide inner rings of T4

Answer 16

Reverse T3 (rT3)

Question 17

• it is a biologically inactive metabolite of T4 and is bound to thyroxine-binding globulin

Answer 17

Reverse T3 (rT3)

Question 18

• it catalysis the deiodination of T4 producing T3 and rT3

Answer 18

Type 1 iodothyronine 5’ deiodinase

Question 19

• it maintain the constant level or T3 in the CNS

Answer 19

Type 2 iodothyronine 5’deiodinase

Question 20

• It is metabolically inactive

Answer 20

Protein bound hormones

Question 21

• They are physiologically active portion of the thyroid hormones

Answer 21

FT4 and FT3

Question 22

• they do not enter cells
• they are biologically inert
• they function as storage sites for the circulating thyroid hormones

Answer 22

Protein Bound Thyroid Hormone

Question 23

• It is the most important element in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones

Answer 23

Iodine

Question 24

If the iodine intake is diminishes

Answer 24

MIT produced greater quantities leading to increased T3 formation and released

Question 25

Iodine intake per day and an indication of deficiency in hormone secretion

Answer 25

Below 50ug

Question 26

- It is synthesized in the parafollicular cells from the CLEAVAGE and post-translational modification of pre-calcitonin the procalcitonin

Answer 26

Thyrocalcitonin

Question 27

- It maintains the balance of CALCIUM and PHOSPORUS in the plasma

Answer 27

Thyrocalcitonin

Question 28

- It is the POTENT CALCITONIN SECRETAGOGUES of CALCIUM and PENTAGASTRIN

Answer 28

Thyrocalcitonin

Question 29

- It is a protein that RESPONSE to SYSTEMIC inflammatory condition

Answer 29

Procalcitonin

Question 30

- It is a marker for BACTERIAL SEPSIS and is now part of the PANEL TEST for COVID-19

Answer 30

Procalcitonin

Question 31

- It is a 116 amino acid and is discovered as a PROHORMONE of CALCITONIN - The sample is SERUM - Reference range Male: 1 - 20 ng/mL Female: 1 - 25 ng/mL

Answer 31

Procalcitonin

Question 32

Function of Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)

Answer 32

- Tissue Growth - Mental Development - Development of CNS - Heat Production - Control of oxygen consumption - Influence carbohydrate and protein metabolism - Energy consumption