Tieman - Superficial Fungal Infections

Question 1

What is oropharyngeal candidiasis?

Answer 1

-Infection of the oral mucosa with candida species
-Most common OI in HIV patients

Question 2

What is the primary line of defense against superficial candida infections?

Answer 2

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 3

Risk factors for superficial candida infections

Answer 3

-Use of inhaled corticosteroids and antibiotics
-Dentures
-Xerostomia
-Smoking
-Disruption of oral mucosa
-Drugs
-Neonates or elderly
-HIV
-Diabetes
-Malignancies
Nutritional deficiencies

Question 4

Esophageal candidiasis clinical presentation

Answer 4

-Dysphagia, odynophagia, and retrosternal chest pain are common
-Fever
-White or beige plaques of varying sizes

Question 5

How to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer 5

For mild infection, use topical therapy for 7-14 days

Question 6

How to treat esophageal candidiasis

Answer 6

-Treat for 14-21 days
-Fluconazole 200-400 mg PO/IV daily (DOC)
-Amphotericin B for severe

Question 7

What is uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Answer 7

Sporadic infection that is susceptible to all forms of antifungal therapy regardless of treatment duration

Question 8

What is complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?

Answer 8

-Recurrent VVC
-Severe
-Not infected by candida albicans
-Host factors (DM, immunosuppression, pregnancy)

Question 9

VVC risk factors

Answer 9

-Sexually active women
-Oral-genital contact
-Contraceptive use
-Antibiotic use
-Post-menopausal women on HRT

Question 10

What is used to treat VVC?

Answer 10

-OTC topical antifungal
-Topical antifungal can decrease condom efficacy
-Patients may prefer oral azoles