Tissue

Question 1

Which type of tissue forms glands?

Answer 1

Epithelia

Question 2

Is the epithelia vascular or avascular?

Answer 2

Avascular, it relies on the connective tissue for blood supply

Question 3

What is the name given to the top and bottom of epithelia cells?

Answer 3

Apical - exposed to the surface cavity

Basal surface

Question 4

What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 4

Fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes

Question 5

What is the function of cuboidal cells?

Answer 5

Absorb nutrients and produce secretions

Question 6

What is meant by pseudostratified?

Answer 6

Mostly one layer, cells with different shapes and sizes

Question 7

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 7

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium from underlying connective tissue.

Question 8

What does the basement membrane consist of?

Answer 8

The basal lamina and the underlying layer of reticular connective tissue

Question 9

What is the basal lamina?

Answer 9

It is the layer of extracellular matrix on which the epithelium sits

Question 10

What is the reticular connective tissue composed of?

Answer 10

A network of collagen fibres

Question 11

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Where do their secretions go?

Answer 11

Endocrine - secretes hormones into the blood stream or nearby cells

Exocrine - secretes their juices into tubes or ducts

Question 12

Which type of gland loses contact with the cell surface?

Answer 12

Endocrine

Question 13

What are the two shapes of tubular exocrine glands?

Answer 13

Tubular or acinar

or they can mix to form tubuloacinar

Question 14

What is the difference in secretions between acinar and tubular glands?

Answer 14

Acinar - Thick mucus

Tubular - Secretes thinner liquids which can travel easily from long tubular glands

Question 15

What are the two types of exocrine gland?

Answer 15

Mucous and serous

Question 16

What are the products of mucous and serous glands?

Answer 16

Mucous - mucous - a secretion rich in proteglycans

Serous - a secretion rich in proteins often enzymes

Question 17

What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

Answer 17

Cuboidal cells that contract to help secrete exocrine fluids

Question 18

Why can’t you store steroid hormones?

And what do you store instead?

Answer 18

They would immediately leave the cell

Instead you store their precursors (lipids)

Question 19

What are all steroids derived from?

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

What is meant by parenchyma?

Answer 20

The functional parts of the organ within the body

Question 21

What are the functions of support epithelial cells in the liver?

Answer 21

Line blood vessels and bile ducts

Question 22

What are the functions of the support epithelial cells in the kidney?

Answer 22

Lines the blood vessels and the renal pelvis (which receives toxic urine)

Question 23

What lines the fallopian tube?

Answer 23

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 24

What is the effect of chlamydia?

Answer 24

Causes extensive scarring and adhesions (parts of tissue become connected that are not meant to be connected)

Mucus is very thick, meaning sperm and ovum cannot move

Question 25

What are the different classes of connective tissue?

Answer 25

1. Loose - Areolar & Adipose 2. Dense - Irregular, Regular Specialised - blood, bone, cartiliage

Question 26

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 26

``` Bind and support Protect Insulate Stores reserve fluid and energy Transports substances within the body Movement ```

Question 27

Where does all connective tissue come from?

Answer 27

Mesenchyme - loose and fluid embryonic tissue

Question 28

What is connective tissue mostly composed of?

Answer 28

Non-living material, the extracellular matrix

Question 29

What is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue composed of?

Answer 29

Ground substance and Proteoglycans, fibres

Question 30

What is the function of ground substance?

Answer 30

Fills in spaces between cells

Question 31

What is the function of proteoglycans?

Answer 31

- Anchoring - Produces lots of starchy glands called glycosaminoglycans, they radiate out of proteins like brush bristles which form tangles and trap water

Question 32

What are the different types of fibres than run throughout the ground substance?

Answer 32

Collagen, reticular and elastic fibres

Question 33

What is the most abundant type of fibre that runs throughout the ground substance?

Answer 33

Collagen - Strongest, tough and flexible

Question 34

Which type of fibre is long and thin and runs throughout the ground substance in a branching network and can be found in sheets?

Answer 34

Elastic fibres, which can stretch and recoil

Question 35

What type of fibre is short finer collagen fibres with an extra coating of glycoprotein?

Answer 35

Reticular

Question 36

What is the function of the reticular layer?

Answer 36

Delicate sponge like network that supports and cradles organs

Question 37

What is meant by 'Blast' cells

Answer 37

They are immature cells that are responsible for forming fibers and ground substance that form its unique matrix

Question 38

What is meant by 'cyte' cells?

Answer 38

Mature cells that have finished forming their matrix

Question 39

Give an example of connective tissue with an immune fucntion

Answer 39

Macrophages

Question 40

What determines wether proper connective tissue is dense or loose?

Answer 40

The amount of fibres within the ground substance

Question 41

Give examples of loose connective tissue

Answer 41

Areolar, reticular, adipose

Question 42

What are the cells and fibers contained within the areolar connective tissue?

Answer 42

Fibroblast cells, mast cells and white blood cells Collagen fibers, Elastin fibers, and Reticular fibers

Question 43

What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?

Answer 43

Loose connective

Question 44

Give examples of dense proper connective tissue

Answer 44

Regular Irregular Elastic

Question 45

What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular proper connective tissue?

Answer 45

Regular - Fibres in rows | Irregular - Fibres not in rows - where tissue is exposed to forces in many directions

Question 46

Where can you find elastic tissue?

Answer 46

Artery walls