Tissue part 2

Question 1

What is the function of merkel cells?

Answer 1

Touch receptors

Question 2

Does the epidermis have any blood vessels?

Answer 2

Nope

Question 3

What structures are located within the dermis?

Answer 3

Blood and lymph vessels. nerves and other folliceles such as sweat glands

Question 4

What type of tissue is the reticular layer?

Answer 4

Irregular connective tissue

Question 5

What aer the two types of skin receptors?

Answer 5

Meissner’s corpuscles

Paccinian corpuscles

Question 6

What is the function of meissner’s corpuscles?

Answer 6

To sense light touch

Question 7

Where are meissner’s corpuscle’s found?

Answer 7

Fingertips

Question 8

What do paccinian corpuscles sense?

Answer 8

Vibration and pressure

Question 9

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 9

Epithelial

Muscle

Nervous

Connective

Question 10

What are the overarching classes of epithelial CELLS?

Answer 10

Stratified and simple

Question 11

What is the difference between stratified and simple epithelial tissue?

Answer 11

Simple tissue is one layer thick while stratified tissue is multi-layered

Question 12

What are the 3 different types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 12

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Question 13

What are the 3 types of musclar tissue?

Answer 13

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Question 14

Where is nervous tissue found?

Answer 14

In the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 15

What are the 4 regions of nervous tissue?

Answer 15

Dentrites

Cell body(soma)

Axon

Terminals

Question 16

What are teh 5 types of connective tissue

Answer 16

Bone

Blood

Cartialage

Loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue

Question 17

What is the function of bone?

Answer 17

Provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. Bone’s rigid extracellular matrix conatins mostly collagen fibres embedded in a mineralised ground substance containing hydroxyapatite (a form of calcium phosphate)

Question 18

What are the 2 components of blood?

Answer 18

Cells and fluid matrix

Question 19

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 19

Adipose

Aerolar

Reticular

Question 20

Where is loose connective tissue found?

Answer 20

Between many organs where it acts both to absord shock and bind tissues together

Question 21

What is the function of loose connective tissue?

Answer 21

To diffuse through adjacent or imbedded cells and tissues

Question 22

Describe adipose tissue

Answer 22

This is a loose connective tissue that consists of fat cells with little extracellular matrix. It stores fat for energy and provides insulation

Question 23

Describe areolar tissue

Answer 23

Fills the spaces between muscle fibres, surrounds lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and respresents a connective tissue component of epithelial membranes

Question 24

Describe reticular loose connective tissue

Answer 24

Mesh like supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen and the liver. Reticular cells produce the reticular fibres that form the network onto which other cells attach

Question 25

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 25

Regular Irregular Elastic

Question 26

Describe dense regular connective tissue and state where it is found

Answer 26

Dense regular connective tissue fibres are parallel to each other, enhancing tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fibre oreintations Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue

Question 27

Describe dense irregular connective tissue and state where it is found

Answer 27

In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. This arrangement gives tissue greater strength in all directions and less strength in one particular direction Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the lower layers of the skin(dermis) and in the protective white layer of the eyeball

Question 28

Describe elastic connective tissue and state where it is found

Answer 28

Elastic connective tissue is a modified dense connective tissue that conatins numerous elastic fibres in addition to collagen fibres which allows the tissue to return to its original length after stretching The lungs and areteries have a layer of elastic connective tissue that allows the stretch and recoil of these organs

Question 29

What are the 3 types of cartialage

Answer 29

Hyline Fibrocartilage Elastic Cartilage

Question 30

What is cartilage

Answer 30

A tough flexible tissue found throughout the body - it covers the surface of joints, acting as a shock absorber and allowing bones to slide over one another

Question 31

What are chondrocytes and where are they found?

Answer 31

They are essentially cartialage cells, and they are embedded within the cartilage matrix

Question 32

What are lacunae

Answer 32

The space that the chondrocytes occupy in cartialage

Question 33

Describe hyaline cartialiage and state where it is found

Answer 33

most common type of cartilage in the body. Constists of short and dispered collagen fibres and contains large amounds of proteoglycans. Both strong and flexible it is found in the rib cage and nose and covers bones where they meet to form moveable joints. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation

Question 34

Describe fibrocartilage and state where it is found

Answer 34

Fibroucartilage is tough because it has thick bundes of collagen fibres dispered through its matrix. The knee and jaw joints and the intervertebral discs are examples of fibrocartilage

Question 35

What are glands?

Answer 35

A collecion of secretory epithelial cells

Question 36

What are the two broad classifications of glands?

Answer 36

Exocine (do have ducts) Endocrine(do not have ducts)

Question 37

Describe endocrine glands with reference to: - the presence of ducts - secretory products - Route of secretion - Examples

Answer 37

Endocrine glands do not have ducts. They secrete hormones which are released directly into the bloodstream - eventually reaching the target organ. Examples of endocrine glands incule thyroid glands, adrenal glands and pituitary glands

Question 38

Describe exocrine glands with reference to: - the presence of ducts - secretory products - Route of secretion - Examples

Answer 38

Exocrine glands have ducts present. They secrete sweat, enzymes, mucus and sebum. These secretory products are released to an internal organ or the external surface through a duct. Examples include salivary glands, pancreas and the liver

Question 39

What are the two classes of shape that exocrine glands can take

Answer 39

Simple or compound

Question 40

What are the two types of simple exocrine shape?

Answer 40

Tubular and acinar

Question 41

What shape is a compound exocrine gland?

Answer 41

Tubuloacinar (combination of tubular and acinar)

Question 42

What are the 3 methods of exocrine secretion?

Answer 42

Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine

Question 43

Describe how merocrine glands release secretions

Answer 43

They release their secretions in vesilces, eg salivary glands

Question 44

Describe how apocrine exocrine glands release their secretions

Answer 44

They release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cell itself, eg mammary gland

Question 45

Describe how holocrine exocrine glands release their secretions

Answer 45

They release their secretions by rupturing the entire cell which contains the product. This is then replaced by cell division. eg some glands in the skin and eyelids

Question 46

What are the 2 main types of fibres found in connective tissue

Answer 46

Collagen and elastin