Tissues

Question 1

Define homeostasis.

Answer 1

Maintenance of a constant internal environment.

Question 2

Negative feedback _____ variations from the normal and positive feedback _____ variations from the normal.

Answer 2

1. Opposes

2. Exaggerates

Question 3

Stimulus -> Receptor -> _____ -> Effector -> _____

Answer 3

1. Control centre

2. Response

Question 4

Describe the process of positive feedback in blood clotting.

Answer 4

1. Damaged cells release chemicals.
2. Chemical start a chain reaction that initiates clotting.
3. Each step releases more chemicals to accelerate more clotthing.
4. Loop ends with formation of a clot.

Question 5

Describe the roles of epithelia cells.

Answer 5

1. Cover exposed surfaces
2. Line passageways
3. Produce secretions

Question 6

Describe the roles of connective tissues.

Answer 6

1. Fill internal spaces
2. Structural support
3. Stores energy

Question 7

Describe the roles of muscle tissues.

Answer 7

Contracts to produce movement.

Question 8

Describe the roles of neural tissues.

Answer 8

1. Conducts electrical impulses

2. Carries electrical information

Question 9

Epithelial cells can be classified by their number of layers and what?

Answer 9

Shape

Question 10

If an epithelial cell is said to be a ‘stratified epithelium’, it means what?

Answer 10

Epithelium has multiple layers.

Question 11

State the 4 shapes epithelial cells can take.

Answer 11

1. Squamous
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar
4. Transitional

Question 12

At the bottom of an epithelial cell, what is the name of the membrane that lies on top of the basal surface?

Answer 12

Basement membrane.

Question 13

What is the role of cell junctions in epithelial tissues?

Answer 13

Ensures cells remain like a flat sheet.

Question 14

What is the top surface of an epithelial tissue called?

Answer 14

Apical surface.

Question 15

What is the function of microvilli on epithelial tissues?

Answer 15

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption.

Question 16

What is the function of cilia on epithelial tissues?

Answer 16

Long hair-like projections that sweep to clear passageways.

Question 17

Describe what squamous epithelial cells look like.

Answer 17

Flat, squashed surface.

Question 18

State one place where you could find squamous epithelium.

Answer 18

Lining of blood vessles.

Question 19

Stratified squamous epithelium produces multiple layers for what?

Answer 19

Protection and recovery from abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attacks.

Question 20

Cuboidal epithelium provide protection and are important for secretion, where can they be found?

Answer 20

Ducts (e.g. kidney tubule).

Question 21

Stratified cuboidal epithelium function like simple epithelium, state a gland where they can be found.

Answer 21

Sweat gland.

Question 22

State the function of transitional epithelium.

Answer 22

Changes from one shape to another.

Question 23

Are transitional epithelium at the start:

a) taller than they are wide
b) wider than they are tall

Answer 23

a) taller than they are wide

Question 24

Columnar epithelium are taller than they are wide, what does this help with?

Answer 24

Further distance for substances to pass through, so provides more protection than squamous cells.

Question 25

What types of epithelia cells contain microvilli?

Answer 25

Columnar epithelium

Question 26

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium are in contact with what?

Answer 26

Basement membrane.

Question 27

Stratified columnar epithelium is found in the mouth and nose, what is the function of these epithelium?

Answer 27

Protection.

Question 28

Exocrine glands secrete ____ the body.

Answer 28

Outside

Question 29

____ connect to exocrine glands.

Answer 29

Ducts

Question 30

Exocrine glands are classified according to shape, what are the four shapes?

Answer 30

1. Tubular 2. Coiled 3. Branched 4. Alveolar

Question 31

Define merocrine glandular secretion.

Answer 31

Merely vesicles are discharged.

Question 32

Define apocrine glandular secretion.

Answer 32

A portion of cytoplasm shed and subsequently regenerates.

Question 33

Define holocrine glandular secretion.

Answer 33

Whole cells bursts (consists of stratified tissues).

Question 34

Connective tissue contains what three substances?

Answer 34

1. Cells 2. Fibres 3. Ground substance

Question 35

What is ground substance?

Answer 35

Component of connective tissue - fluid such as blood/lymph/cartilage gel.

Question 36

Where are mesenchymal tissues found and what is their function?

Answer 36

Found in embryos. Can differentiate into different types of cells.

Question 37

Loose connective tissue is used for what?

Answer 37

Padding

Question 38

What are the two types of loose connective tissues?

Answer 38

Adipose Reticular

Question 39

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Answer 39

Used for storage of energy, insulates and cushions shock.

Question 40

What is the function of reticular, loose connective tissues?

Answer 40

Tissue which provides supporting framework from its branched.

Question 41

What are the three type for dense connective tissues?

Answer 41

1. Regular 2. Irregular 3. Elastic

Question 42

What is the function of regular dense connective tissues.

Answer 42

Provides firm attachment and stabilises contraction.

Question 43

What is the function of irregular dense connective tissues?

Answer 43

Limits expansion and provides strength to resist forces applied.

Question 44

What is the function of elastic dense connective tissue?

Answer 44

Allows for more elasticity. Cushions shock and facilitates expansion and contraction.

Question 45

What is the name of cells in cartilage?

Answer 45

Chondrocytes

Question 46

Chondrocytes sit in a gel-like substance called what?

Answer 46

Hyaline cartilage.

Question 47

Hyaline cartilage reduces friction between bony surfaces, where is it found?

Answer 47

Synovial joints.

Question 48

Elastic cartilage includes more elastic fibres which allows for what?

Answer 48

Allows ear to return to normal shape after being bent.

Question 49

Fibrocartilage prevents what?

Answer 49

Bone-to-bone movement.

Question 50

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 50

Intervertebral discs.

Question 51

Mucous membrane lines cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body. What types of epithelium are found here?

Answer 51

Ciliated columnated epithelium.

Question 52

Serous membranes line the internal body cavities, what tissues are found here?

Answer 52

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 53

Cutaneous membranes line body surfaces, which tissues are found here?

Answer 53

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 54

Synovial membranes consist of what two types of connective tissues?

Answer 54

Loose and dense.

Question 55

What are the three layers of fasciae?

Answer 55

1. Superficial 2. Deep 3. Subserous

Question 56

The superficial layer of fasciae is found where?

Answer 56

Between skin and organs/muscle.

Question 57

Deep fascia is composed from dense connective tissue. What does it form?

Answer 57

Strong, fibrous internal framework.

Question 58

The subserous fascia is found between what?

Answer 58

Serous membranes and deep fascia.

Question 59

What are the three types of muscle tissues?

Answer 59

1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

Question 60

Which of the three muscle tissue do not have a striated appearance?

Answer 60

Smooth

Question 61

Which of the three muscle tissues is smallest?

Answer 61

Smooth

Question 62

Which of the three muscle tissues is largest?

Answer 62

Skeletal

Question 63

How are skeletal muscles controlled and stimulated?

Answer 63

Motor neurones.

Question 64

How are cardiac muscle cells controlled?

Answer 64

Pacemaker cells.

Question 65

Cardiac muscle consists of intercalated disks which connect between adjacent cells, what is their function?

Answer 65

Electrical connection.

Question 66

What cells control smooth muscle? | What can also control smooth muscle, beside cells?

Answer 66

Pacesetter cells. Hormonal control.