Tissues Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
what is epithelial tissue
A
the lining tissue that forms the boundary between the body and external environment
2
Q
functions of epithelial tissue
A
protection
absorption
filtration
secretion
diffusion
3
Q
what is the apical surface
A
the free surface at the top of an epithelial tissue
4
Q
what is the basal surface
A
the bottom surface of epithelial tissue
5
Q
what is the membrane underneath the basal surface of epithelium
A
basement membran
6
Q
what are avascular tissues
A
tissues with no blood vessels
7
Q
how are epithelial tissues classified
A
by the number of layers and shape of the cells
8
Q
what type of epithelial tissues only have one layer of cells
A
simple
9
Q
what type of epithelial tissues have more than one layer of cells
A
stratified
10
Q
what is simple squamous epithelium
A
single, flat layer of cells that’s thin and permeable
11
Q
function of simple squamous epithelium
A
rapid diffusion of materials
12
Q
location of simple squamous epithelium
A
blood vessels and lung tissues
13
Q
what is simple cuboidal epithelium
A
a single layer of cube shaped cells
14
Q
function of simple cuboidal epithelium
A
secretion and absorption
15
Q
what is simple columnar epithelium
A
single layer of tall, closely packed cells which often have cilia and goblet cells that secrete mucus
16
Q
function of simple columnar epithelium
A
secretion of mucus for protection and absorption of substances
microvilli
17
Q
where is simple columnar epithelium found
A
in the lining of the digestive tract
18
Q
what three characteristics do all epithelial tissues have
A
free surface, basal surface, basement membrane
19
Q
what does stratified squamous epithelium do
A
thick layers that provide protection for underlying layers
20
Q
where is stratified squamous epithelium found
A
in epidermal layer of the skin
21
Q
what is stratified cuboidal epithelium
A
more than one layer of cuboidal cells
rare in body
22
Q
where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found
A
mammary glands, salivary glands
23
Q
structure of stratified columnar epithelium
A
free surface lined with columnar cells
rare
24
Q
where is stratified columnar epithelium found
A
larynx and male urethra
25
structure of pseudostratified epithelium
cell nuclei are found at different levels so it appears stratified, though it is not
26
function of pseudostratified epithelium
secretion and absorption
27
where is pseudostratified epithelium found
most of the upper respiratory tract
28
what is the structure transitional epithelium
the free surface cells of transitional epithelium vary in appearance based on the stretching of the tissue
29
how does transitional epithelium transition
by changing shape with elasticity and being pulled
30
where is transitional epithelium found
lining of the urinary bladder
31
what is the structure of glandular epithelium
a gland is made of a group of cells that secrete a fluid substance
32
in what two ways are glands classified
complexity
and how substances are secreted
exocrine
endocrine
33
what do exocrine glands do
secrete substances outward through a duct
34
what do endocrine glands do
they're ductless glands that secrete hormones through the bloodstream
35
what are merocrine glands
cells that excrete the products via exocytosis
(sweat glands)
36
what are apocrine glands
when a portion of the cell pinches off with the secreted products
(mammary glands)
37
what are holocrine glands
cells rupture and spill products into the duct
38
what are the characteristics of endocrine glands
secrete hormones into the blood so they can be delivered over longer distance
packed tightly together with capillaries running through the glandular tissue
cells that excrete products through exocytosis into the blood
39
functions of connective tissue
dont provide support and bind other tissues together
provide insulation and protection for other tissues
able to transport substances
40
what characteristics do all connective tissues share
formed from one type of stem cell
vary in their degree of vascularity (presence of blood vessels)
mostly composed of extracellular matrix (ECM)
41
types of loose connective tissue
areolar
adipose
reticular
42
types of dense connective tissue
regular
irregular
elastic
43
what is arelar connective tissue
mostly open space
holds water and salts for surrounding organs
found under epithelium and around organs
44
what is adipose connective tissue
cushiony
comprised of fat cells (adipocytes)
have large vacuoles that contain fat/ oil/ lipids
insulates and warms the body
provides nutrients to other cells
45
what is reticular connective tissue
contains reticular fibers which create a stiff framework that supports other cells
46
parts of extracellular matrix
ground substance
fibers
47
what fibers are present in extracellular matrix
collagen (strong, flexible, moldable)
elastic fibers (stretchy)
reticular fibers (thin "branch of collagen)
48
what are the types of cartilage
hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic
49
characteristics of hyaline cartilage
STRONGEST
glassy looking
firm matrix with lacuna
LOTS of collagen (homogenous)
50
lacuna
spaces for cells
51
where is hyaline cartilage found
layrnx
bridge of nose
ribs
52
what is fibrocartilage
it contains lots of collagen
runs parallel
always for compression
53
where is fibrocartilage tissue
found in intervertebral spaces
54
elastic cartilage
highly flexible
many elastic fibers
55
where is elastic cartilage found
outer ears and tip of nose
56
characteristics of bone/osseous tissue
osteocytes secrete ground substances, fibers, collagen, and fluids
ground substance is calcified
57
2 types of osseous tissue
spongy and compact
58
what type of cell is in hyaline cartilage
chondrocyte
59
types of vascular tissue
mast cells
macrophages
blood cells
60
what do mast cells do
detect foreign substances
61
structure of mast cells
contains granules that secrete inflammatory chemicals
62
what are macrophages
blob like cells that engulf invading substances or organisms
63
what are blood cells
red blood cells (no nucleus) carry oxygen
white blood cells (nucleus) provide immune response
64
types of muscle tissue
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
65
tissues of nervous system
neurons
neuroglia
66
does smooth muscle tissue contract voluntarily or involuntarily
involunntarily
67
is smooth muscle striated
no
68
where is smooth muscle found
walls of stomach
uterus
intestines
bladder
arteries
veins
eyes
69
which type of tissue is tapered at the ends
smooth muscle tissue
70
what type of tissue has branching cells and intercalated discs
cardiac muscle tissue
71
what are intercalated discs
connections between cells that inc communication and allow for contraction in unison
72
do cardiac muscles contract voluntarily
no
73
striated or non-striated --> cardiac muscle tissue
striated
74
where is the cardiac muscle tissue
cardiac muscle tissue
75
what activated cardiac muscle tissue
brain or hormones
76
structural characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue
multi nucleate
long and cylindrical shaped cells
77
does skeletal muscle tissue contract voluntarily
yes
78
is skeletal muscle tissue striated
yes-most intensely
79
where is skeletal muscle tissue found
connected to bones of the skeleton
80
what is skeletal muscle tissue controlled by
somatic nervous system
81
what percentage of neurons make up all nerve cells
10%
82
what do neurons do
convert stimuli into nerve impulses
pass impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands
83
can neurons regenerate
no
84
what percent of neuroglia make up all nerve cells
90%
85
what do neuroglia do
support and protect neurons
don't generate nerve impulses
86
can neuroglia regenerate
yes
87
what to tendons connect
muscle to bone
88
what do ligaments connect
bone to bone
89
define tissue
any group of cells that are similar in nature and structure
90
lines body cavities and covers body's external surface
epithelium
91
pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat
muscular
92
transmits waves of excitation
nervous
93
anchors and packages body organs
connective
94
cells may absorb, protect, or form a filtering membrane
epithelial
95
most involved in regulating body functions quickly
nervous
96
major function is to contract
muscular
97
the most durable tissue type
connective
98
abundant nonliving extracellular matrix
connective
99
forms nerves
nervous
100
what epithelial tissue is best suited for areas subject to friction
stratified squamous
101
what epithelial tissue propels substances across its surface
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
102
what epithelial tissue is most suited for rapid diffusion
simple squamous
103
what epithelial tissue is responsible for the tubules of the kidney
simple cuboidal
104
what epithelial lines much of the respiratory tract
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
105
what epithelial tissue stretches
transitional
106
what epithelial tissue lines the small and large intestines
simple columnar
107
what epithelial tissue lines the esophagus
stratified squamus
108
what epithelial tissue lines the bladder
transitional
109
what type of epithelial tissue is a part of the alveolar sacs or air sacs of the lungs
simple squamous
110
what connective tissue attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones
regular dense fibrous connective
111
what connective tissue forms hip bone
osseous tissue
112
what connective tissue composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix
areolar
113
what forms the larynx and the costal cartilages of the ribs
hyaline cartilage
114
what has firm matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth
hyaline cartilage
115
which matrix is ard and provides levels for muscles to act on
osseous
116
what insulates against heat loss and provides reserve fuel
adipose tissue
117
what makes up intervertebral discs
fibrocartilage
