TISSUES

Question 1

Group of cells with similar structure and function

Answer 1

TISSUE

Question 2

Four primary types of tissues

Answer 2

∙ Epithelium
∙ Connective tissue
∙ Nervous tissue
∙ Muscle

Question 3

∙ Found in different areas
∙Body coverings
∙Body linings
∙Glandular tissue

Answer 3

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Question 4

Functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 4

∙Protection
∙Absorption
∙Filtration
∙Secretion

Question 5

(have no blood supply)

Answer 5

Avascular

Question 6

Number/types of cell layers of epithelium tissue

Answer 6

∙Simple – one layer
∙Stratified – more than
one layer

Question 7

Shapes of epithelium cells

Answer 7

∙Squamous – flattened
∙Cuboidal – cube-shaped
∙Columnar – column-like

Question 8

∙Single layer of flat
cells
∙Usually forms
membranes
∙Lines body
cavities
∙Lines lungs and
capillaries

Answer 8

Simple squamous

Question 9

∙Single layer of
cube-like cells
∙Common in
glands and their
ducts
∙Forms walls
of kidney tubules
∙Covers the
ovaries

Answer 9

Simple cuboidal

Question 10

∙Single layer of tall
cells
∙Often includes
goblet cells, which
produce mucus
∙Lines digestive
tract

Answer 10

Simple columnar

Question 11

∙Single layer, but
some cells are
shorter than others
∙Often looks like a
double cell layer
∙Sometimes ciliated,
such as in the
respiratory tract
∙ May function in
absorption or
secretion

Answer 11

Pseudostratified Ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 12

Cells at the free edge are
flattened
∙ Found as a protective
covering where friction is
common
∙ Can be keratinized or
non-keratinized
∙ Locations
∙ Skin
∙ Mouth
∙ Esophagus

Answer 12

Stratified squamous

Question 13

Two layers of cuboidal cells (ex. Lining of
sweat glands)

Answer 13

Stratified cuboidal

Question 14

Surface cells are columnar, cells
underneath vary in size and shape (ex.
conjunctiva, pharynx, anus, and male urethra)

Answer 14

Stratified columnar

Question 15

∙Shape of cells depends
upon the amount of
stretching
∙Lines organs of the
urinary system

Answer 15

Transitional epithelium

Question 16

one or more cells that
secretes a particular product

Answer 16

Gland

Question 17

∙Ductless
∙Secretions are hormones

Answer 17

Endocrin gland

Question 18

∙Empty through ducts to the
epithelial surface
∙ Include sweat and oil glands

Answer 18

Exocrine gland

Question 19

Found everywhere in the body
∙ Includes the most abundant and widely
distributed tissues
∙ Functions
∙Binds body tissues together
∙Supports the body
∙Provides protection

Answer 19

Connective tissue

Question 20

∙Non-living material that surrounds living
cells

Answer 20

Extracellural matrix

Question 21

mostly water along
with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide
molecules

Answer 21

Ground substance

Question 22

∙Produced by the cells
∙Three types
∙Collagen fibers
∙Elastic fibers
∙Reticular fibers

Answer 22

Fibers

Question 23

very strong, comparable to iron or steel but they are
very tiny. These are the thickest and strongest of the
3 fibers. (Ex. Tendons & ligaments)

Answer 23

Collagen fibers

Question 24

Thin collagen coated with glycoprotein.
∙ found in organs that have lots of mesh-like internal
structure. (Ex. Kidneys, Spleen, lymph nodes, bone
marrow)

Answer 24

Reticular fibers

Question 25

Thinner, stretch and recoil and contain a rubberlike protein called elastin. (Found in the dermis of the skin and in the periosteum)

Answer 25

Elastic fibers

Question 26

∙Most common cartilage ∙Composed of: ∙Abundant collagen fibers ∙Rubbery matrix ∙Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

Answer 26

Hyaline cartilage

Question 27

∙Provides elasticity ∙Example: supports the external ear

Answer 27

Elastic cartilage

Question 28

∙Highly compressible ∙Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Answer 28

Fibrocartilage

Question 29

∙Main matrix element is collagen fibers ∙Cells are fibroblasts

Answer 29

Dense connective tissues

Question 30

attach muscle to bone

Answer 30

Tendon

Question 31

attach bone to bone

Answer 31

Ligaments

Question 32

Main function is to hold organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues. ∙ Most widely distributed connective tissue ∙ Soft, pliable tissue ∙ Contains all fiber types ∙ Can soak up excess fluid

Answer 32

Areolar connective tissue

Question 33

∙Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate ∙Many cells contain large lipid deposits ∙Functions ∙ Insulates the body ∙ Protects some organs ∙ Serves as a site of fuel storage

Answer 33

Adipose tissue

Question 34

∙ Delicate network of interwoven fibers ∙Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs ∙ Lymph nodes ∙Spleen ∙Bone marrow

Answer 34

Reticular connective tissue

Question 35

∙Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix ∙Fibers are visible during clotting ∙Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

Answer 35

Blood

Question 36

Function is to produce movement

Answer 36

Muscle tissue

Question 37

Three types of muscular tissue

Answer 37

∙Skeletal muscle ∙Cardiac muscle ∙Smooth muscle

Question 38

∙Can be controlled voluntarily ∙Cells attach to connective tissue ∙Cells are striated ∙Cells have more than one nucleus

Answer 38

Skeletal muscle

Question 39

∙Found only in the heart ∙Function is to pump blood (involuntary) ∙ Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks ∙ Cells are striated ∙One nucleus per cell

Answer 39

Cardiac muscle

Question 40

∙Involuntary muscle ∙Surrounds hollow organs ∙Attached to other smooth muscle cells ∙No visible striations ∙One nucleus per cell

Answer 40

Smooth muscle

Question 41

∙ Neurons and nerve support cells ∙ Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body

Answer 41

Nervous tissue

Question 42

The ability of the cell to receive and respond to a stimulus

Answer 42

Irritability

Question 43

∙ the ability of neurons to transmit signals from one neuron to other neurons and from a neuron to muscles and glands

Answer 43

Conductivity

Question 44

∙Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

Answer 44

Regeneration

Question 45

∙Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

Answer 45

Fibrosis