Tissues

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

Group of similar cells and intercellular substance which serve specific function.

Question 2

Inter vs. intra-cellular

Answer 2

inter: between cells (interstitial space)
intra: inside of cells (matrix)

Question 3

4 Types of tissue

Answer 3

epithelial, muscle, nervous and connective tissue

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

Lining of internal and external surfaces, Primarily cells, Protects other tissues and regulates movement into and out of other tissues.
Very little intracellular space, packed tight!

Question 5

Muscle tissue

Answer 5

Muscles can generate force when contracting, extending, etc. Muscle action when it is generating force.

skeletal: attaches bones/tendons
cardiac: can produce force on its own (all can! thats what makes them special!) heart
smooth: digestive

Question 6

Nervous tissue

Answer 6

Carries and transfers information.
muscle actions are generated during his transfer. Some of these cells are very long and can span the whole body. A cell is called a neuron. Has quite a bit of intracellular substance, but the neuron is the most important part.

Question 7

Connective tissue

Answer 7

Support, anchor, attach, & connect other tissues.

All contain protein fibers

Question 8

The cell is most important in:

Answer 8

epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue

Question 9

Matrix is most important in:

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

4 Types of Connective Tissue

Answer 10

fibrous, cartilage, bone and blood

Question 11

Fibrous Connective Tissue pathway

Answer 11

mesenchyme, fibroblast, fibrocyte, fibrous CT,

Question 12

Subclasses of Fibrous CT

Answer 12

1. Loose Connective tissue (areolar, adipose, and reticular)

2. Dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic)

Question 13

Tissue Formation

Answer 13

all cells begin as mesenchyme: undifferentiated cells. Chemicals from other cells in the body and mechanical forces will influence what it will become.

Question 14

If force is tensile, mesenchyme will become:

Answer 14

fibroblast

Question 15

If force is compressional, mesenchyme will become:

Answer 15

osteoblast

Question 16

If force is both, mesenchyme will become:

Answer 16

ligamentous

Question 17

Collagen fibers

Answer 17

made from collagen, tri-helical structure, well-organized fibers, resist tensile loads (very little stretch). Collagen fibers are just a bundle of fibrils, which are a bundle of microfibrils…

Question 18

Elastic fibers

Answer 18

made from elastin, ability to stretch, develop tension and return to original length

Question 19

Reticular fibers

Answer 19

made from collagen fibrils (small fibers), poorly organized fibers, weak

Question 20

Loose fibrous CT (LFCT)

Answer 20

most abundant CT, mostly collagen, filler tissue, holds vessels and nerves, poorly organized, found in subcutaneous areas

Question 21

LFCT: Areolar CT

Answer 21

gel-like matrix that wraps and cushions organs. Found under epithelium, (lamina propia) and surrounding capillaries and organs. Also has cells that can produce inflammatory response if there is some sort of damage.

Question 22

Lamina propia

Answer 22

foundation of epithelium, binds epithelium to organ

Question 23

LFCT: Adipose CT

Answer 23

cells = adipose cells are able to store large amounts of fat. Very little intercellular space. Help in thermoregulation and energy storage.

Question 24

LFCT: Reticular CT

Answer 24

Found within bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Similar in appearance to areolar tissue. Serves as skeleton for other structures, gives support

Question 25

Dense Fibrous CT (DFCT)

Answer 25

primarily collagen in various organized arrangements

Question 26

DFCT: Regular

Answer 26

named because of its ordered arrangement of collagen fibers. Dense regular CTs are ideal at resisting tensile loads in one or few directions. Ex: tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses.

Question 27

DFCT: Irregular

Answer 27

collagen fibers have less ordered arrangement. Although not as strong as regular dense regular CT, they can withstand loads in numerous directions. Ex: fibrous joint capsules, dermis of skin, and periosteum.

Question 28

DFCT: Elastic

Answer 28

primarily consisting of elastic fibers (formed from protein elastin), found in walls of arteries, trachea, and ligamentum nuchae (extension of supraspinous ligament). Needs to be able to expand/contract to accommodate function (i.e. eating, blood going through, etc...)

Question 29

Cartilage CT Pathway

Answer 29

mesenchyme, chondroblast, chondrocyte, cartilage

Question 30

Cartilage Connective Tissue

Answer 30

cells = chondrocytes; gel matrix = proteoglycans

Question 31

3 Types of Cartilage CT

Answer 31

1. Hyaline 2. Fibrous 3. Elastic

Question 32

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 32

strongest cartilage, approx. 40% collagen & 60% gel, articular cartilage, embryonic precursor to bone, forms synchondroses

Question 33

Fibrous Cartilage

Answer 33

70% collagen, 10% elastin, 20% gel, forms fibrocartilage pads and symphyses

Question 34

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 34

mostly elastin, not found in joints, epiglottis and outer ears

Question 35

Blood CT

Answer 35

cells = erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes [platelets=cell remnants]) Note, contains cells, an intercellular fluid matrix (plasma), and fibers (albumin). Not typical CT because it doesn’t really connect or support other tissues.

Question 36

Bone CT

Answer 36

cells = osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts) | Composed of organic and inorganic materials.

Question 37

Organ Systems

Answer 37

Group of organs and tissues functioning cooperatively to perform specific functions.