Tissues and Structures

Question 1

Another name for tension lines is?

Answer 1

Langer lines

Question 2

Deep fascia passes freely over bone ? True / false

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton? True / False

Answer 3

True (appendicular skeleton = bones of the limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles)

Question 4

Give an example of a synovial joint

Answer 4

Knee

Question 5

Give two examples of a fibrous joint

Answer 5

Cranial sutures, tibiofibular syndesmosis

Question 6

Give two examples of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 6

Hip joint, intervertebral disc

Question 7

Haversian system is in compact or trabecular bone?

Answer 7

Compact

Question 8

Give an example of an irregular bone?

Answer 8

Facial bones (irregular - not a short, flat or long bone)

Question 9

Bones are derived from what embryonic tissue?

Answer 9

Mesenchyme

Question 10

Give an example of a plane joint

Answer 10

AC joint

Question 11

Give an example of a hinge joint

Answer 11

Elbow

Question 12

Give an example of a saddle joint

Answer 12

Carpometacarpal (MCP) joint of thumb

Question 13

Give an example of a condyloid joint

Answer 13

MCPJ (knuckles)

Question 14

What is Hiltons law?

Answer 14

The nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments.

Question 15

The synovial membrane is highly innervated? True / false

Answer 15

False (the fibrous layers of the joint capsule are highly innervated)

Question 16

The origin of a muscle is at the proximal or distal end?

Answer 16

Proximal

Question 17

The insertion of a muscle is at the proximal or distal end?

Answer 17

Distal

Question 18

Explain isotonic vs isometric muscle contraction

Answer 18

Isotonic = remains the same length (e.g. works to overcome gravity). Isometric = changes length (e.g,. movement)

Question 19

Explain concentric vs eccentric contraction

Answer 19

Concentric = contraction to shorten muscle, eccentric = controlled relaxation while exerting force

Question 20

What is the structural unit of muscle?

Answer 20

Skeletal striated muscle cell

Question 21

What is the functional (motor unit) of muscle?

Answer 21

Motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls. Motor neuron can control a small number or hundreds of muscle fibers (e.g. thigh)

Question 22

Define a prime mover?

Answer 22

Main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement o f the body

Question 23

What is a fixator muscle?

Answer 23

Stabilises distal part of the body with isometric contraction while proximal parts are moving

Question 24

What is a synergist?

Answer 24

Compliments prime mover by providing assistance / support

Question 25

The nerve supplying muscle usually arises from the (deep / tendon /superficial) aspect

Answer 25

Deep (with a few exceptions) - nerve is deep to protect from injury. Exceptions

Question 26

Striated skeletal muscles can divide? (true / false)

Answer 26

False. New muscle fibers are derived from satellite cells

Question 27

Skeletal muscle is stimulated by the (somatic / autonomic) nervous system

Answer 27

Somatic

Question 28

Smooth muscle cells in the uetrine wall (increase / decrease) in size and (increase/decrease) in number

Answer 28

Both size and number increase

Question 29

Smooth muscle cells can be regenerated from ____________

Answer 29

Pericytes

Question 30

Three layers of blood vessels and tissues making up these

Answer 30

Tunica intima (epithelial cells), tunica media (smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (connective tissue)

Question 31

Example of true terminal artery

Answer 31

Retina

Question 32

What is the blood volume of arteries compared to veins?

Answer 32

20% in arteries, 80% in veins

Question 33

Describe drainage of R) lymphatic duct

Answer 33

Right superior side of thorax, head, neck and upper limb. Drains into R) venous angle between R) subclavian vein and R) internal jugular vein

Question 34

Describe drainage of L) lymphatic duct

Answer 34

L) side thorax, inferior R) thorax, both limbs, groin, head, neck and upper limb. Drains into L) venous angle between L) subclavian vein and L) internal jugular vein

Question 35

Describe purpose of lymphatic system in absorption of nutrients

Answer 35

Lymphatic capilliaries in intestines transport lipid and lipid soluble vitamins

Question 36

Skeletal muscle is controlled by multipolar / pseudounipolar neurons?

Answer 36

Multipolar (motor = multipolar)

Question 37

Sensory neurons are multipolar / pseudounipolar neurons?

Answer 37

Pseudounipolar (sensory)

Question 38

Nerve cell bodies lie within grey/white matter

Answer 38

Grey (no myelin)

Question 39

Spinal nerve roots - anterior controls (motor / sensory)?

Answer 39

Anterior = ventral = "vehicle" = motor

Question 40

Spinal nerve roots - posteror controls (motor / sensory)?

Answer 40

Posterior = dorsal (not ventral = vehicle) = sensory

Question 41

Posterior rami of spinal nerves have overlapping dermatomes / myotomes?

Answer 41

False (they do not travel through a plexus e..g cervical, brachial, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus)