TLR & innate immunity 3

Question 1

Peptidoglycan

Answer 1

2-6 dogs in G+

Question 2

Lipopolysacch

Answer 2

4 police G-

Question 3

Lipotechoic

Answer 3

1-6 techs G+

Question 4

Flagellin

Answer 4

5 flags in bacteria

Question 5

Lipoarabino

Answer 5

2-6 RAB(ies) Mycobacteria

Question 6

Beta 1-3

Answer 6

1-6 Fungi

Question 7

rsv

Answer 7

4 only rsvp

Question 8

Double stranded

Answer 8

Double strand 3 Virus

Question 9

Lipopeptides

Answer 9

7

Question 10

cpgDNA

Answer 10

bacteria 9

Question 11

Profilin

Answer 11

Toxoplasma 11

Question 12

released when PAMPs and TLR on macrophages interact

Answer 12

IL-6, IL12

Question 13

• proliferation of CD8 cytotoxic T cells
• upregulates adhesion factors on endothelial cells (
diapedesis)
• play a role in autoimmune reactions

Answer 13

• IL-6

Question 14

• involved in the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1
cells
• known as a T cell-stimulating factor
• It stimulates the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α from T
cells and natural killer (NK) cells

Answer 14

IL-12

Question 15

an autoimmune response that is characterized by

autoantibodies directed at DNA

Answer 15

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 16

• react with CD14 and TLR-4 receptors on the macrophage

surface

Answer 16

• Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins

Question 17

proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 17

(IL-1, IL-2, IL-6,

IL-8, and TNF-α).

Question 18

central cytokine involved in septic shock

syndrome

Answer 18

TNF-α

Question 19

• The response is characterized by:
• fever
• demargination of PMNs
• synthesis of acute-phase proteins by the liver

Answer 19

ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE

Question 20

inhibit bacterial growth or

activate the complement cascade.

Answer 20

Acute-phase proteins

Question 21

During the response, WBC produces antimicrobial

agents

Answer 21

• cathelicidins ,defensins, and nitric oxide

Question 22

• proteins produced by the PMNs, keratinocytes, and
epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
• have broad-spectrum microbial toxicity (prod by PMN)
• bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide endotoxins ( prod by
epithelial cells)
• chemotactic for phagocytes and T cells (keratinocyte
cathelicidins )
• are important in host defense against Group A streptococci
that cause necrotic skin lesions

Answer 22

•Cathelicidins

Question 23

• small (29–35 amino acids) proteins produced by circulating
WBCs and tissue cells.
• have broad-spectrum activity

Answer 23

Defensins

Question 24

• found in neutrophils, macrophages, and Paneth cells in the intestine
• Paneth cell defensins or crypticidins - serve to reduce the number of
bacteria in the intestinal lumen.

Answer 24

Alpha-defensins (α-defensins)

Question 25

• secreted by most leukocytes and epithelial cells. • create voltage-dependent channels in bacterial membranes that allow the influx of water. • Increased osmotic pressure ruptures the bacterial membranes.

Answer 25

• Beta-defensins (β-defensins)

Question 26

• β-defensin ,found along the entire length of respiratory tract

Answer 26

• tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP)

Question 27

• the TAP is inactivated by high salt concentrations in the respiratory mucosa. • development of respiratory tract infections with opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Answer 27

patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 28

Defensins also prevent

Answer 28

the influenza virus

Question 29

• a highly reactive molecule produced by macrophages

Answer 29

Nitric oxide

Question 30

• nitric oxide synthase oxidizes

Answer 30

L-arginine to L-citrulline | and nitric oxide (NO)

Question 31

cytotoxic to bacteria, fungi, parasites, and | tumor cells.

Answer 31

NO

Question 32

inhibits DNA synthesis and mitochondrial | respiration.

Answer 32

NO