Today

Question 1

Cardiac causes of clubbing

Answer 1

Cyanotic heart disease

Infective endocarditis

Question 2

Endocarditis signs

Answer 2

Splinter haemorrhages
Osler’s nodes
Janeway lesions
Clubbing

Question 3

Xanthomas

Answer 3

High cholesterol

Question 4

Radio-radial delay

Answer 4

Aortic coarction

Question 5

Collapsing pulse

Answer 5

Aortic regurgitation

Question 6

Corneal arcus

Answer 6

High cholesterol

Question 7

Xanthelasma

Answer 7

High cholesterol

Question 8

Kayser-Fleischer rings

Answer 8

Wilson’s disease

Question 9

Malar flush

Answer 9

Mitral stenosis

SLE

Question 10

Visible carotid pulse

Answer 10

Aortic regurgitation

Question 11

Signs of aortic regurg

Answer 11

Collapsing pulse

Visible carotid pulse

Question 12

Raised JVP

Answer 12

RHF
Tricuspid regurg
Constrictive pericarditis

Question 13

Pitting oedema cardiac

Answer 13

RHF

Question 14

Signs of RHF

Answer 14

Raised JVP
Pitting oedema
Basal crepitations

Question 15

Parasternal heave

Answer 15

RV hypertrophy

Question 16

GI causes of clubbing

Answer 16

IBD
Coeliac
GI lymphoma
Malabsorption

Question 17

Koilonychia

Answer 17

Iron deficiency

Question 18

Leukonychia

Answer 18

Hypoalbuminaemia in liver cirrhosis

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 19

Dupuytren’s contracture

Answer 19

Chronic liver disease

Question 20

Palmar erythema

Answer 20

Chronic liver disease

Question 21

Aphthous ulcers

Answer 21

IBD

Question 22

Macroglossia

Answer 22

B12 deficiency

Question 23

Angular stomatitis

Answer 23

IDA

B12/folate deficiency

Question 24

Brown freckles in mouth

Answer 24

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

Question 25

Oral candidiasis

Answer 25

HIV | DM

Question 26

Excoriations

Answer 26

Bile salt accumulation (obstructive jaundice)

Question 27

Needle track marks

Answer 27

Viral hepatitis

Question 28

Bruising

Answer 28

Liver disease

Question 29

Virchow's node

Answer 29

Gastric cancer

Question 30

Spider naevi (>5)

Answer 30

Increased oestrogen in cirrhosis, liver disease

Question 31

Gynaecomastia

Answer 31

Liver disease

Question 32

Alopecia

Answer 32

Liver disease

Question 33

Distension

Answer 33

``` Fat Foetus Flatus Faeces Fluid Fulminant tumours ```

Question 34

Caput medusae

Answer 34

Liver disease

Question 35

Pitting oedema abdo

Answer 35

Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 36

Complete abdo exam

Answer 36

Examine for hernias Examine the external genitalia DRE

Question 37

LIF stoma

Answer 37

Colostomy | Abdominoperineal resection - removal of rectum in large rectal Ca

Question 38

RIF stoma

Answer 38

Ileostomy - spouted so enzymes don't touch skin Liquid faeces Small bowel UC/FAP Urostomy - flush with skin Urine Ileal conduit Cystectomy - bladder Ca

Question 39

Resp causes of clubbing

Answer 39

Pulmonary fibrosis CF Bronchiectasis Cancer

Question 40

Signs of CO2 retention

Answer 40

Asterixis | Plethoric face

Question 41

Shoulder abduction

Answer 41

C5-6

Question 42

Shoulder adduction

Answer 42

C5-7

Question 43

Elbow flexion

Answer 43

C5-6

Question 44

Elbow extension

Answer 44

C7

Question 45

Wrist flexion

Answer 45

C7-8 + ulnar

Question 46

Wrist extension

Answer 46

C6 + radial

Question 47

Digit abduction

Answer 47

ulnar n (T1)

Question 48

Digit adduction

Answer 48

C8, T1, ulnar

Question 49

Palmar grip (squeeze fingers)

Answer 49

C7-8, median, ulnar

Question 50

Pincer grip (OK sign)

Answer 50

Median + ulnar nerves (C8, T1)

Question 51

MRC scale

Answer 51

``` 0 = none 1 = fasciculation 2 = move without gravity 3 = move against gravity 4 = move against gravity + resistance 5 = normal ```

Question 52

Biceps reflex

Answer 52

C5-6

Question 53

Brachioradialis reflex

Answer 53

C5-6

Question 54

Triceps reflex

Answer 54

C7-8

Question 55

Tuning fork for UL exam

Answer 55

128Hz

Question 56

Tuning fork for CN exam

Answer 56

512Hz

Question 57

Dysdiadokinesia

Answer 57

Cerebellar lesion

Question 58

Dysmetria

Answer 58

Cerebellar pathology

Question 59

Pronator drift

Answer 59

UMN lesion

Question 60

Hip flexion

Answer 60

L2-3, femoral

Question 61

Hip extension

Answer 61

L4-5, inferior gluteal + sciatic

Question 62

Knee extension

Answer 62

L3-4, femoral

Question 63

Knee flexion

Answer 63

L5, S1, sciatic

Question 64

Dorsiflexion

Answer 64

L4-5, deep peroneal

Question 65

Plantar flexion

Answer 65

S1-2, tibial

Question 66

Patellar reflex

Answer 66

L3-4

Question 67

Calcaneal

Answer 67

S1-2

Question 68

Plantar reflex

Answer 68

L5, S1-2 | Babinski's sign = dorsiflexion - UMN

Question 69

Green nipple discharge

Answer 69

Duct ectasia

Question 70

Yellow nipple discharge

Answer 70

Duct papilloma

Question 71

Bloody nipple discharge

Answer 71

Ductal carcinoma in situ