Todd- Childhood Disorders

Question 1

4 main areas of developmental delay

Answer 1

cognitive
sensorimotor
speech and language
social-emotional delays

Question 2

definition of intellectual disability

Answer 2

intellectual + adaptive functioning deficits

Question 3

3 domains of adaptive functioning

Answer 3

conceptual (academic)
social
independent living

Question 4

85%, educable, attend special classes, able to function in community and hold a job

Answer 4

mild intellectual disability

Question 5

10%, trainable, able to talk, recognize name, simple words, some self care (bathing, laundry), need special education classes, need a very supportive environment

Answer 5

moderate intellectual disability

Question 6

smallest group, institutionalized setting early in life

Answer 6

severe intellectual disability

Question 7

_____% of intellectual disability have no identifiable cause

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disability

Answer 8

Down syndrome

Question 9

most common heritable cause of intellectual disability

Answer 9

Fragile X

Question 10

common non-genetic cause of intellectual disability

Answer 10

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 11

perinatal and postnatal factors of intellectual disability

Answer 11

TORCH
O stand for other: (syphillis, AIDs, alc, illicits)

Question 12

(FMR1 gene mutation; CGG)
Elongated face
Broad forehead
Large ears
Macro orchidism

Answer 12

Fragile X

Question 13

Impaired ability to speak or convey information

Answer 13

communication disorder

Question 14

difficulty learning or using spoken, written, or sign language – impairment can be expressive or receptive

Answer 14

language disorder

Question 15

phonological problem, can’t produce intelligible articulate speech

Answer 15

speech sound disorder

Question 16

childhood onset fluency disorder

Answer 16

stuttering

Question 17

Difficulty with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication (socially awkward)
Like autism without restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities

Answer 17

social communication disorder

Question 18

social communication deficits
+
restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities

Answer 18

autism spectrum disorder

Question 19

Difficulty making and maintaining friends

Answer 19

autism spectrum disorder

Question 20

usually diagnose autism spectrum disorder around when

Answer 20

2-3 yrs

Question 21

who is more likely to be diagnosed with ASD

Answer 21

males over females

Question 22

most common single gene cause of ASD

Answer 22

Fragile X

Question 23

First 3-6 months may not exhibit normal smiling or cuddling
social communication delay needing to be addressed

Answer 23

ASD

Question 24

Any delay in speech and language functioning should automatically first prompt a ______ test

Answer 24

hearing

Question 25

Answer 25

ASD level 1

Question 26

Answer 26

ASD level 2

Question 27

Answer 27

ASD level 3

Question 28

“high functioning Autism” Difficulty with social interactions and a restricted range of interests and/or repetitive behaviors No delays in language or cognitive development – usually, level 1

Answer 28

Asperger's

Question 29

gold standard for ASD treatment

Answer 29

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)

Question 30

only FDA approved treatment for ASD

Answer 30

Risperidone Aripiprazole

Question 31

FDA approved drug for ASD that blocks serotonin and dopamine reuptake

Answer 31

Risperidone

Question 32

FDA approved drug for ASD that is a partial dopamine receptor agonist

Answer 32

Aripiprazole

Question 33

Inattention, and hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms (inattention more likely to persist into adulthood)

Answer 33

ADHD

Question 34

6/9 sx's for atleast 6 months

Answer 34

ADHD

Question 35

symptoms present before age of 12

Answer 35

ADHD

Question 36

Specify combined presentation, predominantly inattentive, or predominantly hyperactive/impulsive

Answer 36

ADHD

Question 37

first line treatment for ADHD

Answer 37

stimulants

Question 38

55% had a defect in DA transporter gene (dopamine transport)

Answer 38

ADHD patients

Question 39

(methylphenidate or amphetamine) inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, increased dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 39

first line for ADHD

Question 40

alpha 2 agonists also used as second line for ADHD

Answer 40

clonidine gaunfacine

Question 41

Discrepancy in achievement in a specific area of learning that is not consistent with person’s overall intellectual functioning

Answer 41

specific learning disorder

Question 42

child who is well adapted to their environment, good social skills, and speech skills with normal IQ, but difficulty in reading comprehension (mismatching letters or words)

Answer 42

specific learning disorder

Question 43

physically awkward, clumsy, delays in walking, crawling

Answer 43

developmental coordination disorder

Question 44

repetitive, purposeless motor behaviors – hand waving, rocking, playing with hands, fiddling with fingers, twirling objects, head banging

Answer 44

stereotypic movement disorder

Question 45

non-rhythmic “jerky” movements and vocalizations Single vocal or motor = motor or vocal tic do Onset 6-7 yrs; more common in boys

Answer 45

tic disorders

Question 46

multiple motor and at least one vocal tic for at least one year

Answer 46

tourette syndrome

Question 47

eye blinking, throat clearing

Answer 47

motor tic

Question 48

grunting and barking

Answer 48

vocal tic

Question 49

Premonitory urge with tension before _____and release after ____

Answer 49

tic

Question 50

to treat tic disorders

Answer 50

alpha 2 agonists (clonidine, guanfacine)

Question 51

May present during adolescence, see negative symptoms first (prodromal psychosis), sometimes looks like depression, but fail trials of antidepressants

Answer 51

Schizophrenia in children

Question 52

young kids have stomach pain, nightmares, insomnia Look for neurovegetative symptoms (decreased energy, change in appetite, sleep changes, poor concentration)

Answer 52

mood disorders

Question 53

FDA approved treatment of pediatric depression

Answer 53

Fluoxetine and Escitalopram (block serotonin reuptake)

Question 54

potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood that effect development and lead to other mental and physical health concerns

Answer 54

Adverse childhood experiences and toxic stress

Question 55

Studies have pretty conclusively shown that there is a strong association between _______ and chronic health problems, mental illness, and substance use problems in adolescence and adulthood

Answer 55

Adverse childhood experiences