TOGAVIRIDAE

Question 1

Togaviridae possesses a lipid envelope resembling?

Answer 1

Cloak

Question 2

Genus Alphavirus have capacity to replicate in both?

Answer 2

Mosquitoes and vertebrates

Question 3

What are the classification of diseases caused by Genus Alphavirus in mammals?

Answer 3

• Neurologic ds. (encephalitis or encephalomyelitis)
• Febrile illness with polyarthritis
• No apparent ds.

Question 4

Important alphavirus pathogens of vertebrate animals is collectively termed as?

Answer 4

Equine alphavirus encephalitides

Question 5

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is isolated and found in?

Answer 5

Massachusetts; east of Mississippi River, Eastern USA

Question 6

Western equine encephalitis (WEE) is isolated and found in?

Answer 6

San Joaquin Valley in California in 1931

Question 7

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is isolated and found in?

Answer 7

Venezuela

Question 8

Describe the genome of Togaviridae.

Answer 8

Linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA

Question 9

Togaviridae is very stable. True or False?

Answer 9

False, it is relatively unstable in environment and are inactivated by common disinfectants

Question 10

Equine alphaviruses is transmitted by ?

Answer 10

Mosquitoes

Question 11

Equine alphaviruses is not zoonotic. True or False?

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Equine alphaviruses can produce similar syndromes of ____ ds.

Answer 12

neurological

Question 13

What are the clinical signs induced by Equine Alphaviruses?

Answer 13

High fever, signs of drowsiness and incoordination, profound depression, and other neurological manifestations

Question 14

What is the typical presentation of clinical signs of Equine Alphaviruses?

Answer 14

Constant head pressing against a corner of the stall or fence

Question 15

Give the case-fatality rate of EEE, WEE, and VEE.

Answer 15

• EEE - High: 50-90%
• WEE - Low: 0-40%
• VEE - Highly variable: up to 80%

Question 16

What is the animal that is critical to the enzootic (sylvatic) transmission cycles of EEE and WEE through mosquito bites?

Answer 16

Birds

Question 17

What are the animals that are important to enzootic transmission cycle of VEE?

Answer 17

Rodents and mosquitoes.

Question 18

Vx. are available for all Equine Alphaviruses. True or False?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Give the primary vector and reservoir hosts of EEEV.

Answer 19

• Culiseta melanura (mosquito)
• Birds

Question 20

Give the primary vector and reservoir hosts of WEEV.

Answer 20

• Culex tarsalis (mosquito)
• Birds

Question 21

Give the primary vector and reservoir hosts of VEEV.

Answer 21

• Aedes/Culex species
• Rodents, horses (in epidemics)

Question 22

Horses can amplify what equine alphavirus?

Answer 22

VEEV

Question 23

Chikungunya is transmitted to humans by ?

Answer 23

Aedes mosquitoes (A. aegypti and A. albopictus)

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of Chikungunya virus?

Answer 24

• Sudden high fever, severe joint pain (hands and feet), headache, muscle pain, rash

Question 25

O'nyong-nyong virus and Ross River virus are both zoonotic. True or False?

Answer 25

True