TOLD Definitions Flashcards
(26 cards)
Runway Condition Reading RCR
The measure of tire-to-runway friction coefficient.
Dry-23 Wet-12 Icy-5
Runway Surface Condition RSC
Average depth covering the runway surface measured to 1/10 inch (1 inch is equivalent to RSC of 10)
Define Critical Engine Failure Speed, Vcef
The speed at which one engine can fail and the same distance is required to either continue to accelerate to lift-off speed, or to abort and decelerate to a full stop
Define Critical Field Length (CFL)
The total length of runway required to accelerate on all engines to critical engine failure speed, experience an engine failure, then continue to lift-off or stop. (Must be no greater than the runway available)
Define Take-off Factor (TOF)
%N1 settings adjusted for OAT and altitude
Define Take-Off Ground Run
Runway distance normally obtained in service operation at zero wind at the mission specified weight, pressure altitude, thrust setting, and appropriate take-off configuration.
Define Minimum Control Speed Ground, Vmcg
(88 KIAS) The minimum controllable speed during the take-off run, at which, when an engine is failed, it is possible to maintain directional control without deviating more than 25 feet laterally with all three wheels on the runway.
What assumptions are considered for Vmcg?
Assumes the remaining engine at TRT, the aircraft loaded at the most unfavorable weight and CG, aircraft trimmed for takeoff, and without exceeding 180 lbs of rudder control force with rudder boost operating.
Define Minimum Control Speed Air, Vmca
89 KIAS. The minimum controllable speed in the take-off configuration out of ground effect with one engine inoperative and the remaining engine in TRT.
What assumptions are considered for Vmca?
Aircraft trimmed for takeoff, 5 degrees angle of bank into the operating engine and no more than 180 lbs of rudder control force with rudder boost operating. Vmca is determined at the most critical combination of asymmetric thrust, light weight, and aft CG
Define Refusal Speed, Vr
The maximum speed that can be attained, with normal acceleration, from which a stop may be completed within the available runway length.
Define Maximum Braking Speed, Vb
The maximum speed from which the aircraft can be brought to a stop without exceeding the maximum brake energy limit of 14.8 Million ft-lbs
When is an acceleration check required?
Whenever S1 is less than Vrot. Takeoff acceleration check speed should be adjusted to be at least 10 KIAS less than S1.
Define S1?
The go/no go speed. Vmcg, Vcef < S1< Vr, Vb, Vrot
Define Rotation Speed, Vrot
The speed at which the aircraft attitude is increased from the ground run (taxi) attitude to the lift-off attitude.
Define Lift-Off Speed, Vlof
Is the moment at which the main gear lift off the runway. Speed is the speed at which lift-off occurs.
Define Take-off Flare
Is the ground distance covered between lift-off and the 50-foot obstacle height.
Define Distance to 50-Foot obstacle?
The sum of the take-off ground run distance to lift-off, plus the airborne horizontal distance needed to accelerate and climb to arrive at the 50-ft obstacle height at or above the obstacle climb out speed.
Define Take-Off Speed?
The speed which permits attaining the obstacle climb out speed at or before reaching the 50-ft obstacle height above the runway.
Define Climbout Speed, Vco
The scheduled single-engine climb out speed and should be obtained at or prior to reaching the 50-ft obstacle height.
Define Climbout Factor
The variable used to determine take-off/climb performance and obstacle clearance. Minimum is 2.5.
How is Reference Zero computed?
Typically Takeoff Ground + Takeoff Flare Distance; If split markers Critical Field Length + Takeoff Flare Distance.
Define Takeoff Rated Thrust, TRT
Maximum allowable thrust limited by 104% N1, 700*C, or 2900 lbs of thrust whichever occurs first and limited to 5 minutes max
Define MCT
Maximum allowable thrust that may be used without a time limitation and is limited by 104% N1, 700*C, or 2900 lbs of thrust whichever occurs first.
