Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CVS > Top of Cardiac Disease Table - Important hx > Flashcards

Top of Cardiac Disease Table - Important hx Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What should you aways do if someone comes in from chest pain

A

IV access

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What life threatening conditions must you exclude

A 
Acute ACS
Aortic dissection
Tension pneumothorax
PE
Oesophageal rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Beware

A

Female / elderly / DM NOT presenting with typical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are key investigations

A 
Hx
ECG - reference to previous
Troponin 6 hours post worst pain 
CXR
Bloods 
D-dimer only if Well's = low probability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is important in Hx

A 
SOCRATES 
- Character of pain 
- Sudden or with exertion
Any SOB 
Any diaphoresis / nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why CXR

A

Rule of Ddx of ACS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bloods

A 
FBC
U+E
LFT
Cholesterol 
TFT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If <12 hours + abnormal ECG

A

Emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If 12-72 hours

A

Same day assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If >72 hour

A

Full assessment
ECG
Cardiac enzyme
Then decide about referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Other Ddx

A 
Pericarditis 
Pneumonia 
Pleural effusion
Empyema 
GORD
Oesophageal spasm 
MSK 
Shingles 
Intra-abdominal
- Cholecystitis
- Peptic ulcer
- Pancreatitis 
Anxiety = tingling lips / finger 
Sickle cell crisis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is MSK pain

A

Worse on pain / movement / pressing

May have Hx trauma or cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can it be

A

Muscular
RIb fracture
Bony mets
Costrochondriits- viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can cause palpitations

A

Arrhythmia
Stress
Increased awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are red flags + admit to AMIA

A

Syncope
Broad complex tachy
2 or 3 heart block
Sustained SVT after vagal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 1st line tests (beware may be normal if episodic)

A

Examine CVS inc pulse and BP
12 lead ECG in ALL
Bloods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What bloods

A

FBC
U+E - K?
TFT - hyper?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If there is normal ECG, no PMH and minimal Sx what do you do

A

Safety ned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If concerning features / abnormal ECG

A

Cardiology referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do you do for episodic

A

Holter - 24 ECG

Keep a diary of symptoms at time of monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do you want to know in Hx of dyspnoea

A 
Known resp / cardiac disease 
Anaphylaxis
Onset 
At rest or on exertion 
- How much exertion
- Baseline 
Any orthopnoea - pillow
Any PND
Other Sx
PMH / RF
RF VTE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What other Sx

Study These Flashcards
A 
Chest pain 
Palpitations 
Oedema
Infective - cough / sputum / fever / coryza
RF for VTE
23
Q

What does dyspnoea at rest suggest

Study These Flashcards
A 
Hypoxia or increased work of breathing (if no hypoxia)
FB
Tumour
Bronchitis
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
24
Q

What do you assess for with examination

Study These Flashcards
A 
Wheeze
Stridor 
Chest
- clear
- crep
Signs of overload
Other 
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusion
25
Wheeze
Anaphylaxis Asthma COPD HF
26
When do you worry and what does it suggest
Stridor - FB - Tumour - Acute epiglottis - Anaphylaxis
27
When would chest be clear with breathlessness
``` PE Hyperventilation Metabolic acidosis Anaemia Drugs Shock PJP DKA CNS disease ```
28
What investigations
``` Baseline obs - O2, HR, RR, temp PEFR ABG if sats <92% or concern about acidosis ECG CXR Baseline bloods - FBC, U+E, glucose - Consider drug ```
29
Syncope
See geriatrics
30
What is syncope
Transient LOC due to global cerebral hypoperfusion | Rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous recovery
31
What are mechanism of syncope
``` Reflex Orthostatic Cerebrovascular Cardiac Seizure ```
32
What is most common
Reflex neuromediated
33
What can cause
``` Vasovagal Situational - Cough - Micturition Carotid sinus sensitivity ```
34
What is vasovagal
HR doesn't increase in response to stimuli so MAP decreases = syncope Triggered by emotion / pain / stress Pre-drome - sweat / nausea / If not recurrent = no further investigation
35
What causes orthostatic
Primary autonomic failure - Parkinson's / MSA - Lewy body Secondary - DM - Amyloid - Addison Drugs - Diuretic - Vasodilator - Alcohol Volume depletion - Haemorrhage - Diarrhoea - Sepsis - Dehydration
36
What can precipitate
Prolonged rest After meals Venous pooling during exercise or pregnancy
37
What is the classic description
Sustained reduction in BP >20 / 10 <3 minutes of standing | May have pre syncope Sx
38
What are pre-syncope
Palpitation Light headed Blurred vision Weak
39
Cerebrovascular
Stroke TIA Subclavian steal
40
What is typical of cardiac syncope
Normal after No memory of event No prior Sx Can be recurrent
41
What are cardiac causes
``` Bradycardia - AV conduction - Sinus node Tachy - SVT or ventricular Long QT Brugada Drug Device malfunction Structural - Valve - MI - HCM - Myxoma PE - affects R side but will eventually decrease CO Pericarditis / dissection / tamponade ```
42
What are red flags
``` Exertional Supine Recent MI Heart disease Palpitations Abnormal ECG FH sudden death ```
43
How do you investigate
``` H+E inc CVS and neuro Postural BP ECG Bloods Urine dip / CXR - rule out infection Drug review CT head ```
44
What bloods
``` FBC, U+E, LFT CRP BG Ca / Mg Short SYnacthen for Addison's ```
45
When CT head
If anti-coagulation or >65 to rule out subdural
46
What are further test
Carotid sinus massage Tilt table test - To see if related to change in position or HR 24 hour holter
47
When is carotid sinus +V
If pause >3s on ECG after massage | or fall in SBP >50
48
How do you treat vasovagal with no recurrence
Avoid trigger Reassure Education
49
How do you treat orthostatic
TED Review meds Ensure no dehydration Treat DM / neuropathy / Addison's
50
How do you treat cardiac
Pacemaker | AVR
51
DVLA if unexplained syncope
NO driving | If no cause found then lift in 6 months
52
If due to seizure
6 months if 1st seizure | 1 year seizure free
53
If vasovagal attributed to a cause
No restriction
54
MI DVLA
After 4 weeks

CVS (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions