Topc 10 - Using Resources

Question 1

What is the Hager process?

Answer 1

Used to manufacture ammonia form nitrogen and hydrogen

Question 2

What is rather equation for the haber process?

Answer 2

N2 + 3H2 <-> 2NH3 and heat

Question 3

What conditions are needed in the haber process?

Answer 3

200 atmospheres
450 degrees
Iron catalyst

Question 4

What is the ammonia in the haber process used for?

Answer 4

Nitrogen based fertilisers

Question 5

Where does the nitrogen come from in the haber process?

Answer 5

The air

Question 6

Where does the hydrogen come from in the haber process?

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons like methane

Question 7

How does the haber process work?

Answer 7

Nitrogen and hydrogen are fed into a vessel where the controls are correct, a iron catalyst is used to make ammonia, the mixture is reversible so some of it will reverse.
The ammonia is cooled into liquid ammonia and the reactants will be recycled

Question 8

Why are the conditions for the haber process specific?

Answer 8

Temperature - exothermic means a lower temp needed to favour forward reaction, although high enough for reaction rate
Pressure - quicker reaction rate but limited by cost and safety of maintaining a high pressure

Question 9

What is a fertiliser?

Answer 9

A substance applied to the soil in order to supply plants with nutrients

Question 10

What is a formulation?

Answer 10

A mixture that has been designed as a useful product, made by combining certain chemicals in a certain ratio

Question 11

What are the three parts in a NPK fertiliser

Answer 11

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

Question 12

How do you get the nitrogen for npk fertilisers?

Answer 12

Main source is ammonia. Ammonia can react with water to make nitric acid

Question 13

How do you get phosphorus for npk fertilisers?

Answer 13

Can be mined from the ground as rock. However, they are insoluble and need to be reacted with acids to produce salts

Question 14

What happens when you react phosphate rock with nitric acid?

Answer 14

Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

Question 15

What happens when you react phosphate rock with sulfuric acid?

Answer 15

Calcium sulphate and Calum phosphate

Question 16

What happens when you react phosphate rock with phosphoric acid?

Answer 16

Calcium phosphate

Question 17

How do you get potassium for npk fertilisers?

Answer 17

Potassium can be found in potassium sulphate or potassium chloride. It can be mined and used directly

Question 18

How do humans use earths resources?

Answer 18

Warmth, shelter, food and transport

Question 19

What is sustainable development?

Answer 19

Development that meets the needs of current generations without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 20

What is potable water?

Answer 20

Water that is safe to drink. It’s not chemically pure because it contains dissolved substances.

Question 21

Where do we get drinking water from in the UK?

Answer 21

Rain provides water with low levels of dissolves substances that collects in the ground and in lakes and rivers

Question 22

How does the UK turn rain into potable water?

Answer 22

Choosing an appropriate source
Pass through wire mesh to filter big things out
Passing the water through filter beds - filters out small solids
Sterilising

Question 23

Why and how do we sterilise water?

Answer 23

To kill any microbes
Bubble chlorine gas through it, expose it to ozone or UV light

Question 24

Why May fluorine be added to water?

Answer 24

Improve dental health

Question 25

What process is used when fresh water is limited?

Answer 25

Desalination

Question 26

What is desalination?

Answer 26

A process which removes salt from sea water to make drinkable water

Question 27

What are the two ways desalination can be done?

Answer 27

• by simple distillation
• by passing water through membranes that use reverse osmosis

Question 28

What are the negatives of desalination?

Answer 28

Requires lots of money for energy.

Question 29

What are the three types of waste water?

Answer 29

Sewage
Agricultural
Insutrial

Question 30

Why does industrial waste need treating?

Answer 30

Remove organic matter and harmful chemicals

Question 31

Why does sewage and agricultural waste need treating?

Answer 31

Remove organic matter or harmful microbes

Question 32

What are the four main steps to treating waste water?

Answer 32

Screening
Sedimentation
Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
Aerobic biological treatment of affluent

Question 33

What does screening waste treatment mean?

Answer 33

Remove any large parts and objects like litter and water bottles

Question 34

What does sedimentation mean in waste treatment?

Answer 34

Have user solid sink to bottom - sewage sludge
Light part at top - effluent

Question 35

How do they break down sewage sludge?

Answer 35

Anaerobic digestion

Question 36

How do they break down sewage effluent?

Answer 36

Aerobic biological treatment

Question 37

What are the two alternative ways of extracting copper from low grade ores?

Answer 37

Bioleaching
Phytomining

Question 38

What is phytomining?

Answer 38

Uses plants to absorb metal compound - copper compounds. The plants are harvested and then burnt to produce ash that is reich in the metal compound

Question 39

What is bioleaching?

Answer 39

Bioleaching she’s bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds!

Question 40

Why are LCAs carried out?

Answer 40

To assess the environmental impact of products

Question 41

What stages do LCA assessments evaluate?

Answer 41

• extracting and processing raw materials
• manufacturing and packaging
• use and operation
  -disposal at the end of its lifetime