Topic 1

Question 1

The 5 polyatomic ions

Answer 1

ammonium
nitrate
sulfate
hydroxide
carbonate

Question 2

ammonium

Answer 2

+
NH
4

Question 3

nitrate

Answer 3

-
NO
3

Question 4

sulfate

Answer 4

2-
SO
4

Question 5

hydroxide

Answer 5

-
OH

Question 6

carbonate

Answer 6

2-
CO
3

Question 7

hazard symbols
oxidising

Answer 7

ball with flame

Question 8

harmful

Answer 8

!

Question 9

environmental hazard

Answer 9

fish and tree

Question 10

highly flammable

Answer 10

flame

Question 11

toxic

Answer 11

☠️

Question 12

corrosive

Answer 12

hand and liquid

Question 14

protons

Answer 14

mass-1
charge-+1

Question 15

neutrons

Answer 15

mass-1
charge-0

Question 16

electron

Answer 16

mass-0.0005
charge—1

Question 17

isotopes

Answer 17

same atomic number but didferent mass number
same number of protons but differeng number of neutrons

Question 18

medeleev

Answer 18

made first periodic table
-put elemts in groups baded on propeities
-left gaps for undiscovered elements

Question 19

ions

Answer 19

charged particle
when atom gain or lose elevtron
to get full outer shell

Question 20

what groups mosy likely to form ions

Answer 20

1,2,6,7

Question 21

ionic bonding

Answer 21

metal and non metal
metal atom loses
non metal gains
oppisitly charged ions attract with eletrostatic forces

Question 22

ionic compounds

Answer 22

lattice structure
stromg electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 24

ionic compounds propeties

Answer 24

high melting and boiling points bc strong attraction
dont conduct electricity bc ions cant move
most disolve in water easy

Question 25

covalent bond simple molecular structure

Answer 25

atoms held ththet by strong covalent bonds week force of attraction between them melting and boiling point low bv u hv to break the small forces and not bonds so easy done most gasses n liquid dont conducts electricity bv not free elevtrons

Question 26

polymers

Answer 26

molecules made up of long chains of covelently bonded carbon eg polyethene formed with monomers

Question 27

giant covalent structures

Answer 27

all atoms bonded w strong covalent bonds vv high melting n boiling poinys bc lot of energy needed to break the covelent bonds dont conduct electricitu except graphite and graphene arnt soluble in water

Question 28

diamond

Answer 28

made up of carbon atoms that each form 4 covalent bonds hugh melting piint rigid lattuce stucture->diamond is rllly hard doesnt conduct electricity bc no free electrons ir ipns

Question 29

graphite

Answer 29

carbon atoms only form 3 covalent bonds areanged in hexagons in layers no covalent bonds between layers so held thther weekly so free to move over eachother soft slippery hight melting point conducts electricity bc 3/4 carbons r used in bonds so has a free carbin to be free

Question 30

graphene

Answer 30

fullerene one layer of graphite

Question 31

fullerenes

Answer 31

molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls used to cage other molecules eg deliver drug to cell hugh surface area so good internal catalysts

Question 32

metalic bonding

Answer 32

metals hv giant structures electrons in outer shell are delocalised string electrostatic attraction between positive ion and electron the forces hold atoms togther in structure which is metalic bonding

Question 33

metal physical properties

Answer 33

strong hugh melting and boiling poinys shiny arnt soluble mallueble-layers of atoms slide over eachother conducts electricity- delocalised electrons

Question 34

if mass increases during experiment

Answer 34

-one or reactants is gas thats found in sir and the products are solids liquids or aq -before reaction gass is in air bc not contained so u cant meassure it -when mass reacts to form producy it becomes contained -unsealed container eg metal in undealed container reacts w oxygen from air

Question 35

if mass decreases during experiments

Answer 35

-most reactants solid or liq or aq and one is gass -if not in closed container then gas can escape after its weighed first time

Question 36

moles

Answer 36

mass/mr

Question 37

concentration

Answer 37

mass/volume

Question 38

emperical formula

Answer 38

MADR

Question 39

empirical formula experiment

Answer 39

1.

Question 40

calculating amount of product from limiting factors

Answer 40

1.balanced equation 2.rfm of reactant snd producy 3.moles in substance yk mass of 4.yse moles to calc mass

Question 41

limiting factors

Answer 41

the more limiting reavtant the more oarticles to take part in reaction so more products r made