Topic #1-4

Question 0

Culture relativism

Answer 0

Not be judged by standards of another culture

Question 1

Paradigm

Answer 1

Way to Look, see, think about the world

Question 2

Ethnocentrism

Answer 2

View ones culture as superior

Question 3

Historical linguists

Answer 3

Evolution of language

Question 4

Sociolinguistics

Answer 4

Different sexes use language; sex/gender, dialect shift or language shift

Question 5

Grammar

Answer 5

Syntax

Question 6

Lexicon

Answer 6

Dictionary

Question 7

Phonology

Answer 7

Sounds in a language

Question 8

Morphology

Answer 8

Depends on context and convey meaning

Question 9

4 subfields of anthropology

Answer 9

Archeology
Biological
Linguistic
Cultural

Question 10

3 fields of linguistic anthropology

Answer 10

Descriptive
Historical
Sociolinguistics

Question 11

2 fields of cultural anthropology

Answer 11

Ethnography

Ethnology

Question 12

Taboo

Answer 12

Forbidden

Question 13

Cultural universal examples

Answer 13

Ex.1: insect taboo

Ex. 2: every culture has a connect of “family”

Question 14

5 interests within biological anthropology:

Answer 14

Paleoanthropology
Human genetics 
Human growth and development 
Human biological plasticity 
The biology, evolution, behavior, and social life of monkeys, apes, and other non human primates

Question 15

Ethnicity

Answer 15

Language, history religion, music, cuisine, dress, architecture

Question 16

FOXP2 gene

Answer 16

Mutated gene

Question 17

Foraging characteristics

Answer 17

(Hunting and gathering)
People rely on nature to make a living, with little management of natural resources; less work than farming, band social unit and mobile lifestyle
Modern foragers live on marginal land

Question 18

Horticulture

Answer 18

Don’t use land, labor, capital and machinery. Use simple tools. Involves SLASH AND BURN techniques

Question 19

Pastoralism

Answer 19

People who use a food-producing strategy of adaptation based on caring for herds of domesticated animals

Question 20

Intensive agriculture

Answer 20

Significant environmental effects; irrigation ditches and paddies become repositories for organic wastes

Question 21

Industrial agriculture

Answer 21

Factory production, capitalism, socialist production

Question 22

Power

Answer 22

The ability to exercise ones will over others.

Question 23

Authority

Answer 23

The socially approved use of power

Question 24

Bands

Answer 24

Small kin-based group

Question 25

Tribes

Answer 25

Had economic based on non intensive food production

Question 26

Chiefdoms

Answer 26

A form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and state

Question 27

Foraging bands

Answer 27

Small, nomadic or semi nomadic social units-formed seasonally when component nuclear families got together.

Question 28

Egalitarian

Answer 28

Lack of social stratification

Question 29

Village head

Answer 29

Always a man

Question 30

"Big Man" and "Big Women"

Answer 30

Big man had supporters in several villages

Question 31

Ascribed status

Answer 31

Little or no choice about occupying them. Ex: age

Question 32

Achieved status

Answer 32

Come through choices, actions, efforts, talents, or accomplishments and may be positive or negative. Ex: senator, healer or terrorism

Question 33

Market principle

Answer 33

Profit oriented principle of exchange that dominates in states, particularly industrial states. Goods and services are bought and sold, and values are determined by supply and demand.

Question 34

Redistribution

Answer 34

Major exchange mode of chiefdoms, many archaic states, and some states with managed economies

Question 35

Reciprocity

Answer 35

One the three principles of exchange: generalized, balanced, and negative

Question 36

Subsistence fund

Answer 36

Work to eat

Question 37

Replacement fund

Answer 37

Must maintain their technology and other items essential to production.

Question 38

Social fund

Answer 38

Must help their friends, relatives, in laws, and neighbors.

Question 39

Ceremonial funds

Answer 39

Expenditures on ceremonies and rituals, requires time to lay out the wealth

Question 40

Rent fund

Answer 40

Refers to resources that people must render to an individual or agency that is superior politically or economically. Ex: landlords