Topic 1 (characteristics of living organisms) / Topic 2 (cells and organisation)

Question 1

what stands for MRS C GREN?

Answer 1

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Control, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Question 2

what does movement mean?

Answer 2

an action made by an organism or part of it, causing a change of position or place

Question 3

what does respiration mean?

Answer 3

the release of energy within a cell by the breakdown of food substances for all life processes

Question 4

what does sensitivity mean?

Answer 4

the ability to be sensitive and respond to changes in the surroundings

Question 5

what does control mean?

Answer 5

the ability to maintain their internal conditions within a narrow range (e.g. adjusting temperature)

Question 6

what does growth mean?

Answer 6

Increase in size and mass by increasing the number of cells

Question 7

what does reproduction mean?

Answer 7

production of new organisms

Question 8

what does excretion mean?

Answer 8

removal of metabolic waste substances produced by chemical reactions in cells

Question 9

what does nutrition mean?

Answer 9

the need to take in food for nutrition and energy.

Question 10

what is a cell?

Answer 10

the structural, functional and biological unit of all living things

Question 11

what is a tissue?

Answer 11

a group of cells that have a similar structure and that function together as a unit

Question 12

what is an organ?

Answer 12

a part of the body that perform a specific function. made up of tissues

Question 13

what is an organ system?

Answer 13

a group of organs that work together to perform a complex function. (e.g. digestive system)

Question 14

what is an organism

Answer 14

any living thing

Question 15

what is an organelle

Answer 15

a structure that has a specific function in the cell

Question 16

the organelles in an animal cell

Answer 16

nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm

Question 17

the 3 extra organelles in an plant cell

Answer 17

cell wall, chloroplast, permanent vacuole

Question 18

function of nucleus

Answer 18

the cell’s control centre; carries the genetic information

Question 19

function of mitochondria

Answer 19

contains the enzymes for respiration. generates the energy needed to power cells

Question 20

function of cell membrane

Answer 20

regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell; keeps the cell together

Question 21

function of ribosome

Answer 21

protein synthesis

Question 22

function of cytoplasm

Answer 22

where many of the chemical reaction happen.

Question 23

function of cell wall

Answer 23

provide structure and protection for the cell

Question 24

function of chloroplast

Answer 24

photosynthesis occurs here. contains chlorophyll

Question 25

function of permanent vacuole

Answer 25

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen.

Question 26

definition of specialised cells

Answer 26

cells that are specialised to carry out a particular function

Question 27

definition of cell differentiation

Answer 27

the process in which a cell changes to become specialised

Question 28

adaptions of a sperm cell

Answer 28

- tail to swim - lots of mitochondria for energy - enzymes in the acrosome to break through membrane of egg cell - genetic information in head

Question 29

adaptions of nerve cell

Answer 29

- dendrites to connect to other nerve cells to send/receive impulses - very long to make the transportation of impulses faster

Question 30

adaptions of egg cell

Answer 30

- large - large cytoplasm for chemical reactions - outer layer of follice cells prevents sperm cells

Question 31

adaptions of root hair cell

Answer 31

- large surface area to maximise absorption - thin walls to let water move in quickly - no chloroplast because it's in the soil

Question 32

adaptions of palisade mesophyll cell

Answer 32

- column shape to maximise absorption and fit as many cells - many chloroplast for photosynthesis

Question 33

adaptions of red blood cells

Answer 33

- no nucleus to increase surface area - biconcave shape due to lack of nucleus - have haemoglobin to transport oxygen

Question 34

adaptions of ciliated cell

Answer 34

have cilia (extensions) to beat the mucus and helps it to move

Question 35

adaption of xylem cells

Answer 35

- no top or bottom walls between xylem cells - thick walls so water doesn't move out - no organelles

Question 36

definition of stem cells

Answer 36

cells that has the ability to produce undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialised cells

Question 37

features of embryonic stem cells

Answer 37

- found in early stage of embryo - can differentiate into any type of cell