Topic 7 - Respiration Flashcards
(25 cards)
Definition of respiration
the process of transferring energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell
what is the function of ATP
- stores energy
- releases energy to other processes
how is ATP formed
- cellular respiration
- glucose broken down into ATP
What is the full name for ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
when is ADP formed
- hydrolysis
- when energy is needed
how is ADP formed
ATP loses a phosphate group so there is 2 phosphate connected to 1 adenosine
how does ATP and ADP store and release energy
ATP stores energy. when the bond between phosphate 2 and 3 break, the disconnected phosphate attaches to other cells, providing them with energy
uses of energy in the body
- muscle contraction
- protein synthesis
- cell division
- growth
- active transport
- nerve impulse
- maintenance of body temperature
definition of aerobic respiration
the chemical reactions in the cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
context of aerobic respiration
- complete breakdown of glucose
- most effective way of respiration
- produce up to 38 ATP
- used when plenty of oxygen is available
- produces carbon dioxide and water
word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> CO2 + 6H2O
definition of anaerobic respiration
the chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrients molecules to release energy without using oxygen
context of anaerobic respiration
- incomplete breakdown of glucose
- occurs when body can’t supply enough oxygen, e.g. vigorous exercise
- produce 2 ATP
- products are different with animals and plants and fungi
- lactic acid builds up in muscles which lowers the pH leading to pain and cramps (animal)
word equation for anaerobic respiration (animal)
Glucose -> lactic acid (+ energy)
balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration ( animal)
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
what is respiration in yeast called
fermentation
what does fermentation do
- make bread (carbon dioxide makes the dough rise )
- brewing beer (ethanol makes beer)
Word equation for anaerobic respiration (plants and fungi)
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration (plants and fungi)
C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
2 things to investigate when investigating for respiration
- temperature change
- production of carbon dioxide
describe the investigation for respiration through temperature change
- 2 sets of seeds in vacuum flask
- thermometer in flask and seal it with cotton wool
- record the temperature daily for a week
what would the temperature change be for the investigation
germinating seeds : increases, there’s respiration
Boiled seeds: no temperature change, no respiration
describe the investigation for respiration through carbon dioxide production
- hydrogen carbonate indicator in boiling tube
- variables placed on platform, in the tube
- seal the tube with rubber bung
- leave the apparatus and observe for colour change
