Topic 1 - Chest and CM

Question 1

Hypersthenic

Answer 1

5%, broad, deep, shallow

Question 2

asthenic

Answer 2

10%, narrow, shallow, long

Question 3

sthenic/hyposthenic

Answer 3

85%

Question 4

parts of the Pharynx

Answer 4

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 5

Parts of the larynx

Answer 5

Extends from C3-C6, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

Question 6

extent of trachea

Answer 6

extends from C6-T4/5

Question 7

Thyroid gland

Answer 7

Releases growth and developpement hormones

Question 8

Parathyroid gland

Answer 8

releases hormones to regular calcium blood levels

Question 9

Thymus

Answer 9

helps create antibodies, shrinks as individuals grow

Question 10

Bronchi

Answer 10

Right is wider, short, and more vertical.
Carina (where it devides)
Secondary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveoli

Question 11

Lungs

Answer 11

R - 3 lobes, 2 fissures
L - 2 lobes, 1 fissure
Covered by pleura

Question 12

Mediastinum conssits of…

Answer 12

Thymus gland, Heart and great vessels, trachea, esophagus

Question 13

Diaphragm

Answer 13

Dome shaped
Inspiration - increased volume, decrease intrathoracic pressure

Question 14

Breathing (thorax 3D)

Answer 14

Inspiration - Vertical, transverse, AP
Expiration - elastic recoil

Question 15

Patient prep

Answer 15

Remove radiopaque objects (jewelry, bra, hair)
Collimation and sehilding

Question 16

Technical factors

Answer 16

High kV (110-125), low mAs
Low contrast (used to view lung markings and makes ribs very grey)
Grids (used for EVERY CXR)

Question 17

Disphragm location affected by:

Answer 17

body habiuts, breathing, degree of insp.

(R diaphragm highe rthan the left due to the liver)

Question 18

dedicated chest units advantages

Answer 18

Large volum,e consistency, speed, efficiency

Question 19

CR

Answer 19

CR: image plate, AEC, cassette identified

Question 20

DR:

Answer 20

image manipulation, Built in grid - no bucky, detectors built in, positioning advantage.

Question 21

Air/fluid levels

Answer 21

in order to see air/fluid levels, you need a HORIZONTAL RAY

Question 22

QEII routunes, chest:

Answer 22

Ambulatory: PA and lateral
Stretcher: AP and lateral

Question 23

rotation - lateral

Answer 23

lung tissue anterior to sternum indicates RIGHT lung rotated anteriorly

Gatric bubble located just beneath left hemidiaphragm

Question 24

Roatial: lateral

Answer 24

if superior heart shadow continues beyond sternum, LEFT lung is rotated anteriorly

Question 25

Expiration view indicators

Answer 25

- pneumothroax - foreign body investigation - paralyzed diaphragm - determine wather an opacity is in the rib or in the lung

Question 26

AP lordotic purpose

Answer 26

to image apical are of lungs

Question 27

AP lordatic position

Answer 27

- Pt. standing 1ft. away from IR - Pt. leans back to allow shoulders, upper back to rest against IR - hands on hips, shoulders rolled forward (Pt moves instead of angling tbe to still see air/fluid levels)

Question 28

AP lordotic CR, SID, breathing...

Answer 28

- CP: midsternum - SID: 180 cm - 2nd full insp. - if pt cannot do lordotic, angle tube 15-20 deg. CEPHALIC

Question 29

Lateral decubitus perpose

Answer 29

to view air-fluid levels

Question 30

lateral decub. - CP, SID, etc.

Answer 30

CP: T7 SID 180cm 2nd full imp.

Question 31

Mobile chest imaging, why?

Answer 31

Trauma, ICU, Tubes/lines, suction, traction, too ill

Question 32

semi erect / supine chest, correct cr?

Answer 32

correct CR angle is 3 posterior ribs are seen above the clavicles

Question 33

Nasogastric tube placement

Answer 33

10cm below gatroesophageal junction

Question 34

endotracheal (ET) tube placement

Answer 34

4cm above the carina