Test 3 - C and T - spine

Question 1

How many cervical

Answer 1

7

Question 2

How many thoracic

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many lumbar

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Sacrum/Coccyx - Adult

Answer 4

1 sacrum, 1 coccyx

Question 5

Sacrum/coccyx - Newborn

Answer 5

5 sacral bones
3-5 coccygeal bone

Question 6

Vertebral curvatures - Primary

Answer 6

Thoracic and cervical (convex)

Question 7

Vertebral curves - Compensatory

Answer 7

Cervical and lumbar (concave)
- happens when growth occurs

Question 8

Vertebral curvatures - abnormal

Answer 8

• lordosis (excessive lumbar curvature)
• kyphosis (excessive thoracic/cervical curvature)
• scoliosis

Question 9

Typical vertabrae

body, pedicles, lamina, transverse + spinous process, articular process

Answer 9

Body - anterior, thicker
pedicles - entend posteirorly from body
lamina - extend posteriorly from pedicles
transverse process - extend laterally
spinous process - extend posteriorly
articult porcesses (4) - 2 superior and 2 inferior

Question 10

Typical vertabrae joints

Answer 10

Intervertebral
Zygapophyseal
costal (only exists on thoracic)

Question 11

WHat are intervertebral foramina

Answer 11

Where nerves and blood vessesl can pass thorugh

Question 12

Intervertebral disk portions

Answer 12

Annulus fibrosis - outer portion
Nucleus pulposus - inner portion (can protrude, called slipped disk)

Question 13

Cervical spine, typicala dn atypical

Answer 13

C1, C2, C7 - atypical
C3-6 - typical

Question 14

Cervical characteristics

body, tansverse + spinous process, pillar, zygapophyseal joints, fromina

Answer 14

body - small, oblong
transverse process - foramen
spinous process - bifid
Pillar - short column of bone betweeb articualr processes
Zygapopphyseal joints - 90 degrees to MSP
Transverse foramen - 45 deg from MSP

Question 15

C7

Answer 15

No bifid tip, extra long spinous process

Question 16

C1

name, arch, articulation, transverse …, LAT

Answer 16

• atlas
• posterior arch
• Atlantooccipital articulation
• small transverse faramina
• lateral masses

Question 17

C2

name, somethong on C2, rotation, transverse

Answer 17

• axis
• dens projects upward from body
• pivot for rotation
• transverse process and foramen

Question 18

C1-C2 (JFA)

Answer 18

There is no intervertebral space between C1-2
- C1 had no body

Question 19

Jefferson fracture

Answer 19

fracture to anterior and posterior arches of C1

Question 20

Odontoid fracture

Answer 20

when you dontoid/dens is fractured

Question 21

Hangman’s fracture

Answer 21

Associated with people who try to hand themselves. (fracture due to hyperextension)

Question 22

Clay Shoveler’s fracture

Answer 22

fracture due to spinous processes
can happen due to an evulsion fracture

Question 23

Subluxation of facets

Answer 23

Seperation of facet spaces

Question 24

C-spine kV and how to reduce scatter

Answer 24

kV - 80 +/- 10
Scatter: Grids, collimation

Question 25

Lateral C spine (IR, kV, CR, SID, posiion) | IR + where Top of IR is placed

Answer 25

24x30 (top of Ir 2.5-5cm above EAM) 80kV CR - at level of C4 180 cm SID Shoulders relaxed, chin extended

Question 26

C spine obliqes (IR, kV, CR, SID, posiion)

Answer 26

24x30 80 kV 15-20 degrees cephalic, at C4 (for posterior obl - RPO/LPO) 15-20 degrees caudad, at C4 (for anterior obl - RAO/LAO) 180cm sid Rotate body 45 degrees, extend chin

Question 27

AP axial C3-C7 (IR, kV, CR, SID, posiion)

Answer 27

18x24 80kV C4 - Cr travels from tip of mandible to base of skull (15-20 degrees cephalad) 100cm SID Tip of mandible should superimpose base of skull. Line should be parallel to CR

Question 28

AP open mouth (c1-2) (IR, CR, SID, posiion)

Answer 28

18x24 middle of open mouth 100cm sid Lower margin of teeth lined up with base of skull

Question 29

Only view that let sus see zygapophyseal joints of C1-C2?

Answer 29

AP open mouth

Question 30

If base of the skull is over the dens (AP open mouth)

Answer 30

Flex forward or angle slightly caudal

Question 31

If teeth ar eover the dens (AP open mouth)

Answer 31

Raise hea dup or angle slightly cephalic

Question 32

Lateral C-spine (flexion/extension) (Why?, IR, CR, SID, posiion)

Answer 32

Rules out instability 24x30 portrait Centre to C4 180cm SID Flexion - chin to chest Extension - chin raised as much as possible

Question 33

Swimmers view (why?, IR, kV, CR, SID, posiion, breathing)

Answer 33

Preformed when C7-T1 articulation cannot be seen 24x30 80-90 kV centre at T1, 3-5 deg caudal SID - 100 or 180 cm Arm and shoulder awya from IR is down and slightly posterior Arm and shoulder nearest IR are raised Suspended exp, or orthostatic

Question 34

Thoraicc vertabrae | Upper, Middle, Lower Articulations

Answer 34

Upper 4 are like C spine Middle 4 are typical-looking Lower 4 resemble lumbar spine - they sometimes have 2 articualtions with ribs (demi-facets)

Question 35

Thoracic vertabrae - costovertebral joints

Answer 35

articulate with head of ribs

Question 36

Thoracic vertabrae - costotransverse joints

Answer 36

T1-T10 have facets on transverse processes to articulate with rib tubercles

Question 37

Thoracic vertabrae - Zygapophyseal joints

Answer 37

Superior and inferior articular processes 70-75 degrees from MSP

Question 38

Thoracic vertabrae - intervertebral foramina

Answer 38

90 degrees to MSP, seen on lateral image

Question 39

AP t-spine (IR, kV, CR, SID, breathing, ...)

Answer 39

35x43 80-90 kV Centre to t7 sid 100cm suspended expiration Wedge filter or anode heel effect

Question 40

T-spine Lateral (what side, IR, kV, CR, SID, posiion, breathing)

Answer 40

Typically done left lateral 35x43 80-90 kV cetrre at T7, between MCP and posterior thorax 100cm SID arms up and flexed

Question 41

If pateint has scoliosis.. (LAT t spine)

Answer 41

If patient has scoliosis, place the side with the curve closest to IR.

Question 42

left scoliosis curve

Answer 42

levoscoliosis

Question 43

Right scoliosis curve

Answer 43

dextroscoliosis

Question 44

Vertebral arch

Answer 44

ring that creates vertebral foramen