Topic 1 Definition List p2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
Define computer
A computer is an electronic device capable of receiving, processing, and storing data according to a set of instructions called programmes. It performs a wide range of tasks such as calculations, data management, and communication by executing software. Computers consist of hardware components like the processor, memory, and input/output devices, working together to carry out complex operations efficiently. They are essential tools in nearly all fields of modern life, from education to business and science.
Peripheral
A peripheral is an external device connected to a computer to expand its capabilities or provide additional functionality. Examples include printers, scanners, keyboards, mice, and external hard drives. Peripherals are not essential for the computer’s basic operation but enhance user interaction and productivity. They communicate with the computer through various ports or wireless connections.
Mobile phone
A mobile phone is a portable electronic device designed primarily for voice communication and text messaging over cellular networks. Modern mobile phones, often called smartphones, also support internet access, multimedia functions, and a wide range of applications. They combine hardware components such as a touchscreen, camera, microphone, and battery with software to provide diverse functionalities. Mobile phones have become essential tools for communication, information, and entertainment in everyday life.
Storage device
A storage device is hardware used to save digital data and information for immediate or future use. Examples include hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), USB flash drives, and optical discs like CDs and DVDs. Storage devices retain data even when the computer is powered off, unlike temporary memory such as RAM. They are crucial for preserving files, programmes, and operating systems in both personal and professional computing environments.
Embedded system
An embedded system is a specialised computer system designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger device or machine. Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded systems are built to carry out specific tasks, often with real-time computing constraints.
Examples include microcontrollers in washing machines, car engine control units, and medical devices. These systems typically combine hardware and software tightly integrated to optimise performance, reliability, and cost.
Portability
Portability refers to how easily a device can be carried and used in different locations, often depending on its size, weight, and power source. Storage is the capacity of a device to save data, programmes, and files for short-term or long-term use. Together, good portability and sufficient storage enhance a device’s convenience and usefulness for mobile users.
Performance
Performance refers to how efficiently and quickly a device or system completes tasks, often measured by processing speed, responsiveness, and multitasking ability.
User interface
User interface is the means through which a user interacts with a device or software, including elements like screens, keyboards, menus, and touch controls, designed for ease of use.
Media support
Media support denotes a device’s capability to handle various types of media, such as audio, video, images, and documents, including compatible formats and playback features.
Energy consumption
Energy consumption describes the amount of power a device uses during operation, affecting battery life and overall efficiency, particularly important for portable and battery-powered devices.
Expansion capability
Expansion capability refers to a device’s ability to be upgraded or enhanced by adding new hardware or features. This might include adding extra memory, storage drives, or peripheral devices through ports and slots. Good expansion capability allows a device to remain useful and adaptable to future needs without requiring a complete replacement.
Security features
Security features are measures built into a device or software to protect data and prevent unauthorised access or misuse. These include passwords, encryption, firewalls, biometric authentication (like fingerprint scanners), and antivirus programs. Effective security features help safeguard sensitive information and maintain the integrity and privacy of the system.
