Topic 1- External factors Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is cultural deprivation?
When students lack the cultural equipment to do well in school due to things such as language, self discipline and reasoning skills.
What are the three main aspects of cultural deprivation
- Language
- Parents education
- Subcultures
According to Bernstein, what are the language codes and who is more likely to speak in them?
The restricted code: Use of limited vocabulary and uses short unfinished and grammatically incorrect sentences. Used by the working class
Elaborated code: Uses wide vocabulary and longer, more grammatically correct and complex sentences. Used by the middle class
According to Douglas, what was a result of working class parents having less value on education?
- They were less ambitious for their own children
- They visited schools less.
- Gave their children less encouragement
According to Feinstein, how did middle class parents socialise their children to have a positive outlook towards education?
- Parenting style- Educated parents had more consistent discipline and high expectations
- Parents educational behaviours- Educated parents engage in behaviours like reading, visiting educational places etc,
- Class, income, and parental education- More successful children are likely to come out of a family with money and better education
What is a subculture?
A group whose attitudes and values differ from the mainstream culture
What beliefs did Sugarman say working class subcultures have?
-Fatalism- ‘whatever will be, will be’
-Collectivism- Value being part of a group more than succeeding more as an individual.
- Immediate gratification- Seeking pleasures now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewarded
-Present time orientation- Seeing the present as more important the future
What is compensatory education?
A programme that aims to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas.
What is material deprivation?
Refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as housing and income. This usually relates to working class families
How does housing link to material deprivation?
Poor housing can have a direct and indirect effect on a child’s achievement at school.
What are some direct and indirect effects of housing on a child educational achievement?
Direct- Overcrowding, temporary housing, no space for play and exploration
Indirect- Poor housing that effects a child’s health and wellbeing, cold or damp housing, psychological stress, infections and accidents from poor or temporary housing
According to Howard how does diet and health impact your learning at school?
Young, poor people have lower intakes of energy vitamins and minerals which means they will have a weaker immune system so they may be absent from school a lot due to illness
Why is financial support and cost of education a problem for the working class?
Children from poor families cannot afford the equipment for schools which will help better their achievement like books, computers, calculators or sports equipment, etc.
What is cultural capital?
Refers to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of the middle class, it is also called habitus as it is an advantage to those who possess it.
How can educational and economic capital be converted into each other?
Wealthy parents who possess more economic capital can pay for extra tuition, send their children to private school and have access to better schools- turning this into educational capital.
